基于DEM数据的巴丹吉林沙漠沙丘分布规律及其形态参数  

Distribution and morphological parameters of dunes in the Badain Jaran Desert based on DEM

作　　者：汪克奇 赵晖 Sheng Yongwei Zhang Shengan 王兴繁 杨宏宇 晁倩 Wang Keqi;Zhao Hui;Sheng Yongwei;Zhang Shengan;Wang Xingfan;Yang Hongyu;Chao Qian(Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Department of Geography,University of California Los Angeles,Los Angeles 90095,CA,USA)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院沙漠与沙漠化重点研究室,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]加州大学洛杉矶分校地理系,美国洛杉矶90095

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2020年第4期81-94,共14页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41771016)。

摘　　要：沙丘形态特征是风沙地貌研究的重要内容。数字高程模型(DEM)因卓越的三维地形表达能力被广泛应用于沙丘形态研究中。长期以来,受交通条件和研究方法的制约以及高大沙山分布位置的限定,对巴丹吉林沙漠沙丘形态的研究主要集中在沙漠东南部,缺乏对整个沙漠沙丘分布规律及其形态参数特征的系统认知。而对整个沙漠沙丘形态特征的研究,是区域风沙地貌形成与演化研究的重要组成部分。以巴丹吉林沙漠内所有独立沙丘为研究对象,利用研究区DEM数据和一种新的算法,研究了沙漠内两种主要类型沙丘(横向沙丘、星状沙丘)的分布规律及其形态参数特征。结果表明:沙漠内独立沙丘大约有6 033座,高度9~433 m,高度超过350 m的巨型沙山共有53座,其中星状沙山7座,最大高度383 m;横向沙山46座,最大高度433 m。横向沙丘高度与等效沙丘厚度呈正相关的线性函数关系,星状沙丘高度与等效沙丘厚度呈正相关的对数函数关系,表明在现代气候和环境条件下,横向沙丘高度仍在增加,而星状沙丘高度增长已经趋缓。两类沙丘的主轴向大都垂直于研究区主风向NWSE。横向沙丘起沙风风向单一,沙丘轴向集中在NE-SW和NNE-SSW方向;星状沙丘起沙风风向略为复杂,沙丘存在多个次级轴向。The morphologic characteristics of dunes are one of the important contents in the study of aeolian sand landform. Because of the excellent three-dimensional topographic expression ability,the digital elevation model(DEM)has been widely applied in the study of dune morphology. However,due to the constraints of traffic conditions and research methods,studies on dune morphology in the Badain Jaran Desert mostly focus on compound transverse dunes at the southeast margin of the desert. There is a lack of systematic cognition of the morphological characteristics and distribution of different dunes in the desert,but the study of morphologic characteristics of all the dunes in the desert is an important part of the study of formation and evolution of regional aeolian sand landform. In this paper,all the independent dunes in the Badain Jaran Desert are taken as the research object. DEM data and a new algorithm were used to systematically study the morphological characteristics and distribution of two types of dunes in the desert. The results show that there are about 6 033 independent dunes in the desert,with the height ranging from 9 m to 433 m. There are 53 dunes whose height over 350 m. Among them,there are 7 star dunes with a maximum height 373 m and 46 transverse dunes with a maximum height 433 m. There are 602 sample dunes selected to analyze their morphological parameter. The linear correlations between the height and equivalent sand thickness of transverse dunes indicate that the height of transverse dunes is still increasing,and the logarithmic function relation between equivalent sand thickness and the height of star dunes shows that the height growth of star dunes is slowing down. The main axis of the two types of dunes is mostly perpendicular to the dominant wind direction of the desert,NW-SE. The threshold wind direction of transverse dunes is single,and transverse dunes’ orientation is mainly NE-SW and NNE-SSW. The threshold wind direction of star dunes is complex,and there are several secondary dune axe d

关 键 词：数字高程模型 巴丹吉林沙漠 沙丘形态参数 横向沙丘 星状沙丘 

分 类 号：P931.3[天文地球—自然地理学]