黄河内蒙古段土壤风蚀特征模拟  

The simulation study of wind erosion characteristics of different soils in Inner Mongolia reach of Yellow River

作　　者：孙宝洋 周蕊 王喆 肖俊波 马建业 李朝栋 马波[3] Sun Baoyang;Zhou Rui;Wang Zhe;Xiao Junbo;Ma Jianye;Li Chaodong;Ma Bo(Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Changjiang Water Resources Commission,Wuhan 430010 China;Engineering Technology Research Center of Mountain Flood Geological Disaster Prevention and Control,Ministry of Water Resources,Wuhan 430010,China;Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China;China Three Gorges International Corporation,Beijing 100038,China;Huantai county water bureau,Zibo,256400,Shandong,China;Institute of Water Resources Research,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,Guangxi 530023,China)

机构地区：[1]长江水利委员会长江科学院,湖北武汉430010 [2]水利部山洪地质灾害防治工程技术研究中心,湖北武汉430010 [3]西北农林科技大学,陕西杨凌712100 [4]三峡国际能源投资集团有限公司,北京100038 [5]山东省淄博市桓台县水务局,山东淄博256400 [6]广西壮族自治区水利科学研究院,广西南宁530023

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2020年第4期120-127,共8页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1510705-05);长江科学院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(CKSF2019179/TB,CKSF2019292/TB);国家自然科学基金(41271303,41771311,41701316,41877082)。

摘　　要：采集黄河内蒙古段风沙土、灰漠土、棕钙土和灌淤土,在室内进行土壤理化性质测定和风洞模拟试验。对比分析了4种土壤的理化性质和不同风速及含水量条件下的风蚀特征,并量化了不同土壤的风蚀强度与土壤理化性质间关系。结果表明:(1)相对于棕钙土和灌淤土,风沙土和灰漠土易蚀性颗粒含量较大,团聚体、有机质和碳酸钙含量较低,但相同风速和含水量条件下平均风蚀强度风沙土>棕钙土>灰漠土>灌淤土。(2)不同土壤风蚀强度与风速均呈较好的幂函数关系(R2≥0.85,P<0.05),尤其是风沙土和棕钙土,幂函数关系明显优于指数函数。(3)除灰漠土,土壤风蚀强度与土壤含水量均呈较好指数函数关系(R^2>0.90,P<0.05),风沙土和灰漠土的风蚀强度突降的含水量临界点在4.5%左右,灌淤土和棕钙土无明显临界点。(4)不同土壤输沙率均随距地表高度的增加而急剧减少。在距地表10 cm范围内,不同土壤输沙率占总输沙率比例风沙土(82.67%)>灰漠土(80.77%)>灌淤土(74.07%)>棕钙土(73.77%),当距地表大于30 cm后,集沙仪中基本收集不到风沙土和灰漠土风蚀颗粒。当轴心风速为16 m·s^-1时,不同土壤风沙流结构均表现为单峰曲线。(5)不同土壤风蚀强度与风速、含水量、团聚体、易蚀性颗粒和黏粒含量均呈较强的非线性相关关系(R^2=0.76,P<0.05)。易蚀性颗粒含量是影响风蚀强度最主要的土壤属性,其次是干团聚体和黏粒含量。In order to study the wind erosion characteristics of different textures soil,the aeolian sandy soil and gray desert soil,brown calcium soil and irrigation soil were investigated and collect in the fields. Soil physical properties and wind tunnel simulation were tested in the laboratory. The wind erosion intensity and drifting sand flux of four kinds of soil under the condition of different wind speed and soil moisture content were analyzed.The relationship between wind erosion intensity and soil physical and chemical properties was also quantified.The results showed that:(1)Compared with the brown calcium soil and the irrigated soil,the content of erodibility particles in the aeolian sandy soil and the grey desert soil was larger,and the content of aggregates,organic matter and calcium carbonate was smaller. However,the relationship of average wind erosion intensity under the same wind speed and water content was:the aeolian sandy soil> brown calcium soil > grey desert soil > irrigated soil.(2)Different soil wind erosion intensity and wind speed showed a good power function relationship(R^2≥0. 85,P< 0. 05),especially for aeolian sandy soil and brown calcium soil,the power function relationship was significantly better than the exponential function.(3)In addition to grey desert soil,the average wind erosion intensity of soil showed a good exponential function relationship with the increase of soil water content((R2> 0. 90,P< 0. 05). The critical point of water content of wind erosion intensity of aeolian sandy soil and grey desert soil was about 4. 5%,while compared with sandy loam,irrigated soil and brown calcium soil had no obvious critical point.(4)Sediment transport rates of different soils all decrease sharply with the increase of height from the surface. Within a distance of 10 cm from the surface,the size of different soil sediment transport rates in the total sediment transport rate was:aeolian sandy soil(82. 67%)> grey desert soil(80. 77%)> irrigated soil(74. 07%)> brown calcium soil(73. 77%). When the

关 键 词：风蚀强度 含水量 风速 风沙流结构 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]