新生儿接种乙型肝炎疫苗的长期免疫效果  

Long-term efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine in newborns

作　　者：高招 李敏捷 钟永军[2] 潘璐璐 乔丽丽[2] 靳飞 贾慧娟[2] 马景臣[1] 高红丽 袁会朋 赵玉良[1] 李琦[1] Gao Zhao;Li Minjie;Zhong Yongjun;Pan Lulu;Qiao Lili;Jin Fei;Jia Huijuan;Ma Jingchen;Gao Hongli;Yuan Huipeng;Zhao Yuliang;Li Qi(Institute for Vaccine Clinical Trial of Hebei Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shijiazhuang 050021,China;Zhengding County Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shijiazhuang 050800,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省疾病预防控制中心疫苗临床研究所,石家庄050021 [2]正定县疾病预防控制中心,石家庄050800

出　　处：《国际流行病学传染病学杂志》2020年第4期293-296,共4页International Journal of Epidemiology and Infectious Disease

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2018ZX10721202);河北省科技厅指导项目(162777290)。

摘　　要：目的了解新生儿按0-1-6月程序接种乙型肝炎疫苗1~14年后的免疫效果。方法以河北省正定县某乡2002—2016年出生、完成全程基础免疫并且无免疫加强史的人群为研究对象,对其进行问卷调查,采集3~5 mL血液样本,检测HBsAg、抗-HBs和抗-HBc。计算抗-HBs阳性率、HBsAg阳性率和抗-HBc阳性率,评价乙型肝炎疫苗的免疫效果。结果共纳入研究对象1431名,其中抗-HBs阳性率68.55%(981/1431),抗-HBs几何平均浓度(GMC)为36.65(95%CI:31.45~40.42)mIU/mL,HBsAg阳性率为0.21%(3/1431),抗-HBc阳性率为0.77%(11/1431)。抗-HBs阳性率由免疫后1~2年的90%以上下降到免疫后12~14年的50%左右,随着免疫年限延长有下降趋势(χ^2趋势=85.101,P<0.01)。结论新生儿接种乙型肝炎疫苗基础免疫14年后,仍有较好的预防免疫效果。Objective To understand the immune effect of hepatitis B vaccine in newborns 1-14 years after primary immunization according to a 0-1-6 month vaccination.Methods Participants who were born in Zhengding county,Hebei between 2002 to 2016,and received a full course of primary vaccination with hepatitis B vaccine,and had no experience with booster vaccination were enrolled.An epidemiological investigation was performed,and 3-5 mL blood samples were collected to detect HBsAg,anti-HBs and anti-HBc.The positive rates of HBsAg,anti-HBs and anti-HBc were calculated to evaluate the immune effect of hepatitis B vaccine.Results A total of 1431 participants were included,among whom the anti-HBs positive rate was 68.55%(981/1431)with a geometric mean concentration(GMC)of 36.65(95%CI:31.45-40.42)mIU/mL.The HBsAg and anti-HBc positive rates were 0.21%(3/1431)and 0.77%(11/1431),respectively.The anti-HBs positive rate decreased from over 90%in 1-2 years after primary vaccination to about 50%in 12-14 years later.A significant downtrend with the extension of immunity years was observed in the anti-HBs positive rate(χ^2trend=85.101,P<0.01).Conclusions Hepatitis B vaccine in newborns shows a good long-term protective effect 14 years after primary vaccination.

关 键 词：肝炎疫苗 乙型 基础免疫 长效免疫 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]