孕穗期冷水胁迫下施用外源物质对寒地粳稻氮光合效率及产量的影响  

Effects of Exogenous Materials on Nitrogen Photosynthetic Efficiency and Yield Formation of japonica Rice in Cold Region Under Cold Water Stress at Booting Stage

作　　者：贾琰[1] 杨亮[2] 邹德堂[1] 瞿炤珺 王敬国[1] 刘化龙[1] 王晋 赵宏伟[1] JIA Yan;YANG Liang;ZOU Detang;QU Zhaojun;WANG Jingguo;LIU Hualong;WANG Jin;ZHAO Hongwei(Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement,Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region,Ministry of Education,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;College of Agriculture,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Beidahuang Kenfeng Seed Industry Co.,Ltd.,Harbin 150431,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学寒地粮食作物种质创新与生理生态教育部重点实验室,哈尔滨150030 [2]东北农业大学农学院,哈尔滨150030 [3]北大荒垦丰种业股份有限公司,哈尔滨150431

出　　处：《中国水稻科学》2020年第5期443-456,共14页Chinese Journal of Rice Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2017YFD0300406);国家自然科学基金资助项目(31571609);黑龙江省博士后科学基金资助项目(LBH-Z16018);中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2018M631904);东农学者计划“青年才俊”人才项目(18QC05);黑龙江省自然科学基金资助项目(LH2020C005)。

摘　　要：【目的】制定减灾保产化控栽培技术,有效抵御寒地粳稻孕穗期低温冷害。【方法】采用裂区试验设计和中心组合试验设计,基于产量相关指标隶属函数值,筛选出寒地粳稻孕穗期冷水胁迫下氯化钙(CaCl2)、谷氨酸(Glu)、γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)三种外源物质最适施用浓度及其最适浓度配比,并研究孕穗期冷水胁迫下施用最适浓度配比三种外源物质(CGG)对寒地粳稻氮光合效率及产量形成的影响。【结果】1)孕穗期冷水胁迫下施用CGG最适浓度配比为1.87 mmol/L CaCl2、2.76 mg/LGlu、4.40 mmol/L GABA,隶属函数平均值最大(0.932)。2)与正常灌溉相比,孕穗期低温胁迫下寒地粳稻氮光合效率下降;与孕穗期冷水胁迫相比,施用最适浓度配比CGG可显著提高东农428齐穗期叶面积指数(5.37%)及氮光合效率(4.53%);可显著提高松粳10齐穗期单位面积叶片干物质量(2.56%)和叶面积指数(3.39%)。3)与孕穗期冷水胁迫相比,施用最适浓度配比CGG可提高寒地粳稻抽穗至成熟期干物质积累量,但其积累量仍低于正常灌溉水平,且在品种和处理间存在差异。4)与孕穗期冷水胁迫相比,施用最适浓度配比CGG寒地粳稻产量及产量构成因素均有所上升,但仍低于正常灌溉水平,且对冷敏感的品种影响更为显著。5)与孕穗期冷水胁迫相比,施用最适浓度CGG东农428和松粳10温度生产效率平均增幅分别为5.55%和23.72%。外源CGG对于温度生产效率差异的贡献率为8.99%。【结论】孕穗期冷水胁迫下施用最适浓度配比CGG可通过促进齐穗期叶片生长,进而提高群体氮光合效率,有利于抽穗后干物质积累及产量形成,减轻孕穗期冷水胁迫对寒地粳稻产量造成的损失,提高寒地粳稻温度生产效率。【Objective】Our goal is to develop disaster-reducing,production-preserving and chemical-controlling cultivation techniques to effectively resist cold damage at the booting stage of japonica rice in cold region.【Method】The split plot design and the central combination test design were used to screen out the optimal application concentrations of CaCl2,glutamic acid(Glu),andγ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)through the membership function values of yield-related indicators under cold-water stress at booting stage.【Result】1)Under cold water stress at the booting stage,the optimal concentrations of exogenous CaCl2,Glu and GABA(CGG)were 1.87 mmol/L,2.76 mg/L,4.40 mmol/L,respectively and the average membership function value is the largest(0.932).2)Compared with normal irrigation,the nitrogen photosynthetic efficiency of cold-region japonica rice decreased under cold stress at the booting stage.Compared with cold water stress at the booting stage,CGG application at the optimal concentration significantly increased the leaf area index(5.37%)and nitrogen photosynthetic efficiency(4.53%)of Dongnong 428 at the full heading stage;significantly increased leaf biomass per leaf area(2.56%)and leaf area index(3.39%)of Songjing 10 at the full heading stage.3)Compared with cold water stress at the booting stage,the application of the optimal concentration of CGG increased the dry matter accumulation from heading stage to maturity in the cold-region japonica rice,but it was still lower than that of the normal irrigation,and there were differences between varieties and treatments.4)Compared with cold water stress at booting stage,the yield and yield components of cold-region japonica rice increased with the application of the optimal concentration CGG,and the impact on cold-sensitive varieties was more significant.5)Compared with the cold water stress at the booting stage,the average increase in temperature production efficiency of Dongnong 428 and Songjing 10 was 5.55%and 23.72%under the optimal concentrations of CGG,respectivel

关 键 词：寒地粳稻 孕穗期 冷水胁迫 外源物质 氮光合效率 产量形成 

分 类 号：S482.8[农业科学—农药学] S511.01[农业科学—植物保护]