天水春季降水对冬油菜生长及产量形成的影响  

Effects of Spring Precipitation on Growth and Yield Formation of Winter Rape in Tianshui

作　　者：姚晓琳[1] YAO Xiao-lin(Tianshui Meteorological Bureau of Gansu Province,Tianshui,Gansu 741000)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省天水市气象局,甘肃天水741000

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2020年第17期229-231,255,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：行业(气象)科研专项“小麦条锈病发病的气象成因及气象指标研究”(GYHY201406036)。

摘　　要：利用天水冬油菜发育期、干物质、产量和气象等资料,采用统计分析方法,对天水春季降水对冬油菜生长及产量形成的影响进行研究。结果表明,春季降水的明显不足是影响天水冬油菜生长的主要气象原因,尤以2个明显少雨时段,即初春2月中下旬油菜返青—现蕾期和4月中、下旬油菜抽薹—开花盛期降水的明显不足影响最大。初春2月中下旬油菜返青—现蕾期降水虽然偏少,但当地初春随土壤解冻而进入返浆阶段,作物根系土壤水分还可得到一定的补充;抽薹—开花期、开花—开花盛期是作物耗水量最多时期,但大多年份该期降水明显不足,严重影响结荚结籽,成为影响作物产量形成的主要气候原因。Using the data of the development period,dry matter,yield and meteorology of winter rape in Tianshui,statistical analysis methods were used to study the effect of spring precipitation in Tianshui on the growth and yield formation of winter rape.The results showed that the obvious shortage of spring precipitation was the main meteorological reason that affected the growth of winter rape in Tianshui,especially in two periods with less rainfall,in early spring,the obvious deficiency of precipitation was the most significant in the period of returning to green-budding and bolting-flowering.In early spring,although the precipitation of rape was less in the period of returning to green-budding in the middle and late February,the local early spring comes into the stage of returning to pulp as the soil thaws,and the soil moisture of crop roots could be supplemented to some extent.The period of bolting-flowering and flowering to flowering peak was the most water consumption period of crops,but in most years the precipitation in this period was obviously insufficient,which seriously affected the setting of pods and seeds,and became the main climatic reason that affected the formation of crop yield.

关 键 词：春季 降水 冬油菜 生长 产量 影响 

分 类 号：S162[农业科学—农业气象学]