南极菲尔德斯半岛潮间带小型底栖动物初步研究  

A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF INTERTIDAL MEIOFAUNA IN FILDES PENINSULA,ANTARCTICA

作　　者：刘晓收[1,2] 王晓晓 王璐 张志南 Liu Xiaoshou;Wang Xiaoxiao;Wang Lu;Zhang Zhinan(College of Marine Life Sciences,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China;Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋生命学院,山东青岛266003 [2]中国海洋大学海洋生物多样性与进化研究所,山东青岛266003

出　　处：《极地研究》2020年第3期281-289,共9页Chinese Journal of Polar Research

基　　金：中国海洋大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项(201964024);南北极环境综合考察与评估专项(CHINARE-02-01,CHINARE-04-01)资助。

摘　　要：极地是唯一未被人类活动大量影响的地区,而关于南极潮间带底栖动物的报道很不充分。为评估小型底栖动物的类群组成和分布格局,于2013年1—2月中国第29次南极科学考察期间,对南极南设德兰群岛乔治王岛的菲尔德斯半岛20个潮间带站位的小型底栖动物进行了定量调查及其与环境因子的相关性分析,以期为揭示人类活动和气候变化对南极潮间带小型底栖动物的影响提供参考资料。结果表明,小型底栖动物平均丰度为256.8 ind.·(10 cm^2)^(-1),平均生物量为370.5μg·(10 cm^2)^(-1)。共鉴定出9个小型底栖动物类群,包括自由生活海洋线虫、桡足类、寡毛类、介形类、双壳类、腹足类、涡虫、海螨和其他类。在丰度方面,海洋线虫占绝对优势,为82.7%。在生物量方面,寡毛类占绝对优势,为41.7%,其次为海洋线虫,占22.9%。CLUSTER聚类分析结果表明,小型底栖动物类群组成分组主要与底质类型有关。相关性分析结果表明,小型底栖动物及海洋线虫的丰度和生物量与沉积物有机质和脱镁叶绿酸含量显著相关。The polar regions are the only regions on the planet that have not been greatly impacted by human activities.However,there are inadequate studies of zoobenthos in the Antarctic intertidal zones.Therefore,during the 29th Chinese Antarctic Research Expedition between January and February 2013,we assessed taxa composition and distribution patterns of meiofauna,and studied intertidal meiofauna and their relationships with environmental factors at 20 sites in Fildes Peninsula,King George Island in the South Shetland Islands.Our goal was to provide basic information to understand influence of human activities and climate change on polar intertidal meiofauna.Average meiofauna abundance was 256.8 ind.·(10 cm2)–1 and average biomass was 370.5μg·(10 cm2)–1.A total of 9 meiofaunal taxa were identified,including free-living marine nematodes,copepods,oligochaetes,ostracods,bivalves,gastropods,turbellarians,and halacarids.Marine nematodes were the most abundant,accounting for 82.7%of the total meiofaunal abundance.In terms of biomass,oligochaetes were the most dominant,accounting for 41.7%of the total meiofaunal biomass.Marine nematodes accounted for the second highest percentage of total meiofaunal biomass(22.9%).CLUSTER analysis showed that meiofaunal assemblages were correlated with habitat types.Correlation analysis showed that abundance and biomass of meiofauna and marine nematodes were significantly correlated with sediment organic matter content and phaeophorbide concentration.

关 键 词：小型底栖动物 丰度 生物量 南极 乔治王岛 菲尔德斯半岛 长城站 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]