小麦、玉米两熟区小麦纹枯病菌群体组成及其农田分布特征  

Composition and Distribution Characteristics of Pathogens Causing Wheat Sharp Eyespot in Wheat and Maize Double Cropping System

作　　者：赵绪生[1] 齐永志[1,2] 甄文超 ZHAO XuSheng;QI YongZhi;ZHEN WenChao(College of Plant Protection,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,Hebei;State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation,Baoding 071001,Hebei;College of Agronomy,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,Hebei;Key Laboratory of Regulation and Control of Crop Growth of Hebei,Baoding 071001,Hebei)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学植物保护学院,河北保定071001 [2]省部共建华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室,河北保定071001 [3]河北农业大学农学院,河北保定071001 [4]河北省作物生长调控重点实验室,河北保定071001

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2020年第16期3269-3279,共11页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0300906,2018YFD0300502);河北省现代农业产业技术体系(HBCT2018010205);河北省教育厅项目(ZD2016162)。

摘　　要：【目的】小麦纹枯病在河北、山东、河南冬小麦、夏玉米一年两熟秸秆还田种植区发生严重。本研究通过广泛调查,明确河北、山东、河南麦区小麦纹枯病发生程度、病原菌群体结构与优势病原菌的农田分布特征,为小麦纹枯病的防治提供依据。【方法】采用随机5点取样法调查河北、山东、河南小麦、玉米两熟区小麦纹枯病的发生程度,通过细胞核染色、菌丝融合反应和rDNA-ITS序列分析鉴定病原菌群体特征,利用盆栽试验测定120株禾谷丝核菌(Rhizoctonia cerealis)的致病力,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术测定禾谷丝核菌在小麦、玉米两熟秸秆还田种植体系中的分布特征。【结果】河北、山东、河南麦区纹枯病发生程度由重到轻依次为河南麦区、山东麦区和河北麦区。采自3省11个不同生态类型区72个采样点的小麦纹枯病病原菌包括421株双核禾谷丝核菌、24株多核立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani),可划分为AG-D、AG-B(0)、AG-2和AG-54类融合群,分别占供试菌株总数的91.91%、2.70%、3.82%和1.57%。根据石新828、济麦22和周麦22病情指数,120个供试禾谷丝核菌菌株可分为VT1、VT2、VT3、VT4和VT55个致病类型,各类型病情指数依次为44.0、39.4、34.2、29.6和27.2。其中,采自河南麦区菌株整体致病力最强,河北麦区最弱。在小麦全生育期,禾谷丝核菌含量在地上部和根系中均呈先升后降趋势。三叶期地上部菌量最低,起身期含量最高,为3774.60 ng DNA/g鲜组织;而根系中菌量在拔节期达到最高峰。三叶期至分蘖期菌量增速最快,小麦地上部和根系中菌量增幅分别高达28.17倍和17.26倍。禾谷丝核菌菌量在小麦根际土壤中和玉米地上部均呈逐渐上升趋势。在玉米根际土壤中禾谷丝核菌含量呈先降后升趋势,抽雄期最低,为170.6 ng DNA/g干土。【结论】河南麦区纹枯病发生程度最重,山东麦区次之,河北麦区最轻。�【Objective】Wheat sharp eyespot(WSE)occurs seriously in wheat and maize double cropping system with straw returning to field in Hebei,Shandong and Henan provinces.The objective of this study is to determine the disease occurrence,pathogen population structure and the farmland distribution characteristics of dominant pathogen by extensive investigation,and to provide a basis for the WSE control.【Method】The random five-point sampling method was used to investigate the occurrence degree of WSE in wheat and maize double cropping system with straw returning to field in Hebei,Shandong and Henan provinces.The population characteristics of Rhizoctonia isolates were identified by nuclear staining,hyphal fusion reaction and r DNA sequence analysis.The pathogenicity of 120 R.cerealis strains was determined by pot experiment,and the distribution characteristics of R.cerealis in the field of wheat and maize double cropping system were analyzed by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR.【Result】The occurrence degree of WSE from serious to light was in the order of Henan,Shandong and Hebei.There were 421 binucleate R.cerealis strains and 24 multinucleate R.sonalis strains collected from 72 collection sites of 11 different ecological regions in Hebei,Shandong and Henan provinces,which could be divided into four types:AG-D,AG-B(0),AG-2 and AG-5 fusion groups,accounting for 91.91%,2.70%,3.82%and 1.57%of the total number of tested strains,respectively.According to the disease index of Shixin 828,Jimai 22 and Zhoumai 22,the 120 tested strains could be divided into five pathogenic types:VT1,VT2,VT3,VT4 and VT5.The disease indexes of each type were 44.0,39.4,34.2,29.6 and 27.2 in turn,respectively.Among them,most of the strains from the wheat region in Henan Province had the strongest pathogenicity,and those collected from the wheat region in Hebei Province was the weakest.During the whole growth stage of wheat,the content of R.cerealis increased first and then decreased in overground and root systems.The amount of R.cereali

关 键 词：小麦纹枯病 禾谷丝核菌 群体组成 实时荧光定量PCR 分布特征 

分 类 号：S435.121.4[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]