湘西山地生态旅游资源空间结构特征研究  

STUDY ON SPATIAL STRUCTURES CHARACTERISTIC OF MOUNTAIN ECOTOURISM RESOURCES IN WESTERN HUNAN PROVINCE

作　　者：姚新涛[1] 曾坚[1] 吴鼎 Yao Xintao;Zeng Jian;Wu Ding(School of Architecture,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;School of Resources and Environmental Science,Wuhan University,Wuhan,Hubei 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学建筑学院,天津300072 [2]武汉大学资源与环境科学学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《中国农业资源与区划》2020年第5期246-256,共11页Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning

基　　金：国家自然科学基金:“快速城镇化典型衍生灾害防治的规划设计原理与方法”(51438009);教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目:“我国特大城市旧城区的生态化改造策略研究”(15JZD025)。

摘　　要：[目的]湘西属于我国14个集中连片特困地区之一的武陵山片区,同时生态旅游资源又极为丰富,是国内山地生态旅游的热点地区,为实现生态旅游健康发展,亟需对其资源的空间特征进行研究,以便为湘西山地生态旅游的发展定位、竞合策略提供科学指导。[方法]运用最邻近距离、基尼系数、核密度分析,对生态旅游资源的空间类型、空间密度、空间均衡性行定量分析,最后结合市场区域分析,通过层次分析法,对生态旅游资源的质量进行评价。[结果](1)湘西156个生态旅游资源的最邻近指数为0.79,并通过泰森多边形进行互相印证,其Cv值为84%;(2)30个县(市、区)的基尼系数为0.96,表示资源空间分布具有等级、类型和密度的不均衡性;(3)湘西北部的市场区位优势度最高,南部次之,中部最低,呈“瓶颈型”;(4)五级旅游资源集中在湘西南北两端,中部主要为三、四级旅游资源,二级旅游资源较少。[结论]湘西山地生态旅游资源的空间属性为空间聚集类型,但是分布不均,空间密度多聚集在湘西地区南北两端,且多集中于各县市的中心所在地,北部资源质量和市场区位优势都明显高于其他区域,据此提出北、中、南3个区域不同的发展定位,以及“一个龙头、两个中心、三个板块”的空间竞合策略。Western Hunan belongs to the Wuling Mountain area,one of the 14 concentrated contiguous special economic areas in China.Its ecotourism resources are extremely rich,making it a popular spot in mountain ecotourism in China.In order to achieve a healthier development,the study on the spatial characteristics of its resources is urgently needed.Besides,the study can provide scientific guidance to its mountain ecotourism developing orientation as well as competition and cooperation strategy.The nearest neighbor distance,Gini coefficient,and nuclear density analysis were used to make a quantitative analysis on the spatial type,spatial density,and spatial equilibrium of its ecotourism resources.In addition,the quality of its ecotourism resources was evaluated based on the analysis of market area and the analytic hierarchy process.The results were showed as follows.①The nearest neighbor index of 156 ecotourism resources in Western Hunan was 0.79,which was verified by Tyson polygons,with the Cv value 84%;②The Gini coefficient of the 30 regions(including counties and cities)was 0.96,indicating that its spatial distribution of resources was imbalanced in levels,types and densities;③Northwest of this region had the biggest market advantage,followed by the South,and then the Middle,showing a"bottleneck"shape;④The fifth level tourism resources were concentrated at the North and South,the third and fourth level was in the Middle,while the second level was few.The spatial attributes of mountain ecotourism resources in Western Hunan belong to spatial aggregation types,but they are unevenly distributed.The spatial density is mostly concentrated at the North and South,especially in the counties and cities.The resource quality and the market location advantages of the North are obviously better than other regions.Based on the results,different developing orientations for the North,Central and South are presented,and so are the spatial competition and cooperation strategy named"one lead,two centers and three sectors".

关 键 词：生态旅游资源 空间结构 发展定位 湘西山地 竞合策略 

分 类 号：F590.75[经济管理—旅游管理]