中国核安全监管体制现状与发展建议  

Investigation and proposals for China’s nuclear safety regulations

作　　者：吴宜灿[1] 李静云 李研 李亚洲[1] 夏冬琴 王芳[1] 周涛[1] 胡丽琴[1] WU YiCan;LI JingYun;LI Yan;LI YaZhou;XIA DongQin;WANG Fang;ZHOU Tao;HU LiQin(Key Laboratory of Neutronics and Radiation Safety,Institute of Nuclear Energy Safety Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hefei 230031,China;Department of Nuclear Facility Safety Regulation,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100035,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院核能安全技术研究所,中子输运理论与辐射安全重点实验室,合肥230031 [2]生态环境部核设施安全监管司,北京100035

出　　处：《中国科学：技术科学》2020年第8期1009-1018,共10页Scientia Sinica(Technologica)

基　　金：国家核安全局核与辐射安全监管项目(编号:JD201842,JD201929);国家自然科学基金项目(编号:71671179)资助。

摘　　要：当前我国正从核能大国向核能强国迈进,保障核安全是核能发展的首要条件,而核安全监管是确保核能安全、健康、可持续发展的必要手段.本文梳理了世界核电强国——美国、法国、日本、俄罗斯的核安全监管体制,对比分析了我国的核安全监管体制以及当前形势下存在的问题,并试图在政策立法、监管体系、科研支持和公众沟通方面对我国核安全监管提出一些具体建议.China is the most ambitious country in developing nuclear energy which has become an important composition of its energy supply.Nuclear safety is imperative for sustainable development of nuclear energy;therefore,nuclear safety regulation is of paramount importance.This paper investigated the nuclear safety regulations in the United States,France,Japan,and Russia,who are at the forefront with respect to the installed capacity of nuclear energy.A comparison of regulations between China and these four countries was also carried out and some potential problems existing in China were analyzed.Based on the investigation and comparison,some suggestions for China’s nuclear safety regulations regarding the policy legislation,framework of regulation,scientific research,and public communication were proposed.

关 键 词：核能 核安全 监管体制 公众沟通 

分 类 号：TM623.8[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]