珠海市某小型企业实施职业健康促进干预前后效果评价  

Effect evaluation before and after implementing occupational health promotion intervention in a small enterprise in Zhuhai

作　　者：张璟 李晓亮 吴少虹 林娇如 吴耀英 翟健菲 黄东兴 ZHANG Jing;LI Xiao-liang;WU Shao-hong;LIN Jiao-ru;WU Yao-ying;ZHAI Jian-fei;HUANG Dong-xing(Department of Occupational Health,Zhuhai Center for Chronic Disease Control,Zhuhai Guangzhou,519000,China)

机构地区：[1]珠海市慢性病防治中心职业病科,广东珠海519000

出　　处：《职业与健康》2020年第14期1888-1892,共5页Occupation and Health

基　　金：珠海市医疗卫生科技计划项目(20171009E030019)。

摘　　要：目的了解珠海市某小型企业员工的职业卫生状况,对其实施职业健康促进干预,并评价干预效果。方法 2018—2019年采取整群抽样方法选取珠海市某小型企业的160名从业人员作为研究对象,开展问卷调查并按照工作场所健康促进(WHP)理论和实践对其干预,干预后对83名调查对象进行第2次问卷调查,评估干预效果。结果干预后调查对象除对职业病基本概念以及用人单位责任的正确理解差异无统计学意义外(均P>0.05),其他8个知识条目(职业病防治法、职业病可防可治、毒物进入人体的途径、职业病防护措施和待遇、职业紧张属于职业危害、职业病诊断机构、健康教育重要性、职业健康检查分类等)以及职业卫生知识的总得分差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);员工认为应佩戴个体防护用品的比率由干预前的89.4%显著提高到97.6%;员工通过职业病危害告知栏和职业危害警示标志/说明获得职业病危害因素认知的比率由干预前的60.0%和50.0%分别提高至77.1%和68.7%;干预后从业人员的职业紧张程度(8.4%)显著低于干预前(18.1%),干预前后在应付能力得分和工作满意度得分方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论工作场所健康促进干预能有效提升员工的职业卫生知识水平,有助于培养良好行为习惯并能降低员工的职业紧张程度,对于探索我国中小企业的健康干预模式有一定参考意义。Objective To understand the occupational health situation of employees in a small-scale enterprise in Zhuhai,and to carry out occupational health intervention,and evaluate the effect of intervention.Methods A total of 160 employees of a small-scale enterprise in Zhuhai were selected by cluster sampling method from 2018 to 2019 as research object.Questionnaire survey and intervention according to the theory and practice of workplace health promotion(WHP)were conducted.After the intervention,83 respondents were conducted the second questionnaire survey to evaluate the effect of intervention.Results After the intervention,except for the differences in the correct understanding of the basic concept of occupational disease and the employer's responsibility were not statistically significant(all P>0.05),there were statistical differences in the other eight knowledge items(occupational disease prevention and control law,occupational disease preventable and treatable,the way of toxicant entering the human body,occupational disease prevention measures and treatment,occupational stress belonging to occupational hazards,occupational disease diagnosis institutions,the importance of health education,occupational health examination classification,etc.)(all P<0.05).The rate of employees who thought that personal protective equipment should be worn increased significantly from 89.4%before intervention to 97.6%after intervention,the rate of employees'awareness of occupational disease hazard factors through the occupational hazard notification column and occupational hazard warning signs/instructions increased from 60.0%and 50.0%before intervention to 77.1%and 68.7%after intervention respectively,and the occupational stress level of employees after intervention(8.4%)was significantly lower than that before intervention(18.1%).But there was no statistical difference in coping ability score and job satisfaction score before and after intervention(P>0.05).Conclusion Workplace health promotion intervention can effectively improve the

关 键 词：工作场所健康促进 中小型企业 效果评估 职业紧张 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]