木薯二倍体及其同源四倍体开花结实特性的比较  

Flowering and Fruiting Characteristics of Cassava Diploid and Its Autotetraploid

作　　者：李恒锐 陈会鲜 杨海霞 张秀芬 何文 梁振华 郭素云 刘连军 黎萍 陈海生 严华兵[2] LI Hengrui;CHEN Huixian;YANG Haixia;ZHANG Xiufen;HE Wen;LIANG Zhenhua;GUO Suyun;LIU Lianjun;LI Ping;CHEN Haisheng;YAN Huabing(Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute,Longzhou,Guangxi 532415,China;Cash Crops Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西南亚热带农业科学研究所,广西龙州532415 [2]广西农业科学院经济作物研究所,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2020年第8期1582-1588,共7页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB16380075);广西区公益性专项基金项目(No.GXNYRKS201809);崇左市科技计划项目(崇科攻2019030)。

摘　　要：以木薯品种‘新选048’和‘华南205’的二倍体及其同源四倍体为材料,采用定株观察的方法,比较二倍体及其同源四倍体开花结实特性的差异,探究染色体加倍后对木薯开花结实特性的影响,为开展木薯多倍体材料创制及鉴定提供科学参考。结果表明:2个木薯品种四倍体的开花结实物候期都要迟于二倍体,且四倍体的雌花、雄花、花药、果实、种子的形态大小均大于二倍体;2个木薯品种不同倍性间花药分布情况存在差异,‘新选048’的四倍体会出现两性花且其雌花花被颜色与二倍体存在明显差异;2个木薯品种不同倍性间开花及坐果数量也存在不同程度的差异,其中‘新选048’四倍体的单序总花量和雌、雄花总量显著大于二倍体的,但2个品种在不同倍性间开花及坐果数量的差异中呈现不同的规律。因此,木薯染色体加倍,可延迟开花结实的时间,增加生殖器官的大小,改变花形态特征和雌雄花的数量及花总量,但这种改变具有品种依赖性。In this study,the diploid and its autotetraploid of‘Xinxuan 048’and‘SC205’were used as the test variety,and the differences of flowering and fruiting characteristics in the diploid and autotetraploid were compared using the method of fixed-plant observation to explore the effect of cassava chromosome doubling on flowering and fruiting characteristics,and provide scientific reference for the creation and identification of cassava polyploid material.The flowering and fruiting phenotypes of the tetraploids of the two cassava varieties were later than that of the diploid,and the size of the male and female flowers,anthers,fruits and seeds of the tetraploid was larger than that of the diploid.There were differences in anther distribution between different ploidy varieties of the two cassava varieties,and there were significant differences in the color of different ploidy female flowers in‘Xinxuan 048’.Bisexual flowers appeared in the tetraploids of‘Xinxuan 048’.There were also differences in the number of flowering and fruit setting between different ploidy cassava.The total single flower mass and total number of female or male flowers of the tetraploid of‘Xinxuan 048’were significantly larger than those of the diploid,but the difference of‘SC205’was not significant.Therefore,doubling the chromosome of cassava can delay the flowering time,increase the size of the reproductive organs,change the flower morphological characteristics and the number of male and female flowers and the total amount of flowers,but the change is different due to variety difference.

关 键 词：木薯 二倍体 四倍体 开花结实特性 差异 

分 类 号：S330[农业科学—作物遗传育种]