不同释放期缓控释复合肥和氮磷钾比例施用下冬作马铃薯产量及经济效益  

Yield and Economic Benefit of Potato in Winter under Different Release Periods of Controlled Slow Release Compound Fertilizers and Ratio of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium

作　　者：罗其峰 张新明[1] 陈琳[1] 徐鹏举 潘松 贺春喜 曹先维[1] LUO Qifeng;ZHANG Xinming;CHEN Lin;XU Pengju;PAN Song;HE Chunxi;CAO Xianwei(Potato Research Laboratory,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学马铃薯研究室,广东广州510642

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2020年第8期1589-1595,共7页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系专项资金项目(No.CARS-09-ES18)。

摘　　要：为了解决广东省种植户普遍存在的冬作马铃薯生育前期供肥过猛、后期脱肥严重和肥料养分供需不平衡等问题,采用随机完全区组设计方法,以‘费乌瑞它’品种马铃薯为供试作物,在不同氮磷钾比例下,研究不同释放期缓控释复合肥对冬作马铃薯产量及经济效益的影响。结果表明,当氮磷钾比例为N∶P2O5∶K2O=1.0∶0.5∶2.0时,配施CRF60d的缓控释复合肥处理的冬作马铃薯的总产量、较CK(无肥处理)增产率、经济效益和较CK增效率都为最高,分别达到56550 kg/hm^2、68.24%、92575元/hm^2和69.12%;其次,当氮磷钾比例为N∶P2O5∶K2O=1.0∶0.5∶2.0时,配施CRF90d的缓控释复合肥处理的总产量、较CK增产率、经济效益和较CK增效率分别为55034 kg/hm^2、63.73%、88186元/hm^2和61.10%。兼顾产量和经济效益等因素,适宜广东冬作马铃薯主产区的施肥方案为配施释放期60~90 d的缓控释复合肥,且总氮磷钾量应达到N 240 kg/hm^2、P2O5120 kg/hm^2、K2O 480 kg/hm^2。The study was aimed to solve the problems of excessive fertilizer supply in early stage of winter potato growing,short of fertilizer in late stage and imbalance between supply and demand of fertilizer nutrients in Guangdong.A random complete block design was used with potato‘Favorita’as the test variety.The effects of controlled slow release compound fertilizers with different release periods on the yield and economic benefits of winter potato were studied under different NPK ratios.When the ratio of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium was N∶P2O5∶K2O=1.0∶0.5∶2.0,the total yield,relative yield increase,economic benefit and relative economic-benefit increase for CRF60d was the highest,being 56550 kg/hm^2,68.24%,92575 yuan/hm^2 and 69.12%,respectively,and that for CRF90d with N∶P2O5∶K2O=1.0∶0.5∶2.0 was 55034 kg/hm^2,63.73%,88186 yuan/hm^2 and 61.10%,respectively.Considering the factors such as yield and economic benefits,the suitable fertilization scheme for the main potato producing areas in winter in Guangdong is the controlled slow release compound fertilizer with 60-90 d release period,and the total NPK should reach N 240 kg/hm^2,P2O5120 kg/hm^2 and K2O 480 kg/hm^2.

关 键 词：冬作马铃薯 缓控释复合肥 氮磷钾比例 产量 经济效益 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]