中国剑麻园杂草种类分布危害调查与防控策略  

Weed Species,Distribution and Damage on Sisal Plantation and Its Strategy of Control

作　　者：范志伟[1] 李晓霞[1] 刘延[1] 习金根[1] 王亚[1] 沈奕德[1] 黄乔乔[1] 易克贤[1] FAN Zhiwei;LI Xiaoxia;LIU Yan;XI Jingeng;WANG Ya;SHEN Yide;HUANG Qiaoqiao;YI Kexian(Environment and Plant Protection Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,China/Hainan Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所/农业农村部热带作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室/海南省热带农业有害生物监测与控制重点实验室,海南海口571101

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2020年第8期1654-1664,共11页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2018YFD0201106);国家麻类产业技术体系建设专项资金(No.CARS-16-E16);中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(No.2016hzslJ012,No.2017hzs1027)。

摘　　要：剑麻是我国重要的热带经济作物,杂草危害给剑麻生产带来严重障碍和损失。为了掌握我国广东、广西和海南剑麻园杂草情况,从而进行科学防控。本研究采取踏查和定块系统调查相结合,全面调查了我国剑麻园杂草种类、分布与危害。结果表明,剑麻园共有杂草49科144属200种,其中禾本科40种,菊科24种,豆科20种,茜草科和莎草科各10种;一年生杂草79种,二年生杂草1种,多年生杂草100种,其它生活周期20种;种子繁殖杂草143种,种子、茎和根茎等繁殖杂草57种;外来杂草68种,本地杂草132种;5级危害的杂草3种(大白茅、铺地黍和香附子),4级危害的杂草7种(牛筋草、短颖马唐、假臭草、阔叶丰花草、加拿大蓬、鬼针草、薇甘菊)。在剑麻园杂草防控方面,提出了“生态优先,以草治草”策略和“不生草的剑麻园不可能是生态剑麻园,只有生良草的剑麻园才可能是生态园”的新观点,并采取剑麻园种草控草、养地、养麻、养畜和驱虫防病的生态化管理技术措施,达到减肥减药、生态安全的可持续发展目标。Weed species,distribution and damage on sisal(Agave sisalana)plantation in China were investigated.There were 200 weed species,belonging to 144 genus and 49 families,on sisal plantation,of which 40 species in Poaceae,24 species in Asteraceae,20 species in Fabaceae,10 species in Rubiaceae and in Cyperaceae.There were 79 species in annual weed,1 species in biennial weed,100 species in perennial and 20 others.143 species reproduced with seed reproduction,57 species with seed,stem,stolon and rhizome reproduction.68 species were alien invasive weed and 132 species were native weed.Three species(Imperata cylindrica var.major,Panicum repens,Cyperus rotundus)caused damage in 5 degree and 7 species(Eleusine indica,Digitaria setigera,Praxelis clematidea,Spermacoce alata,Erigeron canadensis,Bidens pilosa,Mikania microrantha)in 4 degree.A new viewpoint is proposed that sisal plantation with good cover plants is an ecological plantation and without cover plants cannot be an ecological plantation.Sod culture in sisal plantation can fertilize soil,raise sisal growth,feed animal and control pest.

关 键 词：剑麻 杂草种类 种草控草 养地养麻 生态剑麻园 

分 类 号：S563.8[农业科学—作物学]