《民法典》合同法定解除权规则的体系重构  

The Reconstruction of the System of Rules of the Statutory Rights to Terminate the Contract in the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China

作　　者：朱晓喆[1] Zhu Xiaozhe

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学法学院

出　　处：《财经法学》2020年第5期19-34,共16页Law and Economy

摘　　要：《民法典》对于合同法定解除权及解除权行使的规则作出了重要的制度变革。合同法定解除权包括三个层次,依次为合同编通则第七章的一般法定解除权,通则编的不安抗辩、情事变更和履行不能引发的法定解除权,以及典型合同中特别规定的解除权。上述法定解除权规则构成一个协调的体系,覆盖各种合同违约和履行障碍的形态。《民法典》完善了解除权的行使规则,包括解除生效的时间、解除权的时间限制,以及通过司法程序解除通知生效问题。《民法典》增设了解除效果的两项规则,包括解除后不影响解除权人主张违约责任,以及解除后担保人仍然承担担保责任,由此对于解除权人提供更为全面的保护。There is an essential institutional change in the rules of the statutory rights to terminate the contract in the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China.The statutory rights to rescind contracts includes three levels.The first one is the general statutory right of termination,which is in the chapter 7 of the subpart 1 General Principles of the Contract part.The second one is the statutory right of termination caused by defense against unsafe,changed circumstances and impossibility of performance,which is also listed in the subpart 1 General Principles of the Contract part.And the last one is the statutory right of termination of typical contracts.These rules constitute a coherent system,covering all circumstances of breach of contracts and the failure of implementation of contracts.The Civil Code has modified the rules of the exercise of the statutory rights of termination,including the effective time of termination,the time limit of the termination rights and the validity of the notice of termination through judicial process.The Civil Code has supplemented two articles about legal force of termination to protect right holders of termination rights more fully.One is that there is no negative impacts on right holders to claim liabilities for breach of contracts after termination of contracts,and the other one is that the security providers shall continue to bear security liability after the rescission of contracts.

关 键 词：民法典 法定解除权 规则体系 

分 类 号：D923.6[政治法律—民商法学]