民法典第142条中意思表示解释的边界  

The Boundary of Interpretation of Declaration of Intention in Article 142 of the Civil Code

作　　者：杨代雄[1] Yang Daixiong

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学法律学院

出　　处：《东方法学》2020年第5期95-107,共13页Oriental Law

基　　金：2017年度国家社科规划基金项目“意思表示解释的原理与方法研究”(项目批准号:17BFX192)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：意思表示解释的起点是通过解释判定一个表意符号是否构成意思表示。意思表示解释与合同解释之间并无界限。理论上只应区分单方法律行为中的意思表示解释与多方法律行为中的意思表示解释之区别,无须区分合同解释与意思表示解释。表意符号可能的意义范围之边界是狭义意思表示解释与任意性法律规范适用的界限。如果不存在相关任意性法律规范,则应进行补充性意思表示解释。此时,意思表示漏洞的外部边界所在之处是补充性意思表示解释的边界。补充性意思表示解释在我国民法典中存在规范基础。意思表示解释与无效法律行为转换之间存在模糊区域,其界限可以根据实践需要左右滑动。可以适当扩大我国民法典第142条中的意思表示解释之空间,使之承担无效法律行为转换的部分功能。The starting point of interpreting a declaration of intention is to judge whether an ideographic symbol can constitute a declaration of intention.There is no boundary between the interpretation of declaration of intention and the contract interpretation.In theory,we should only distinguish the interpretation of declaration of intention in unilateral legal acts from that in multi-party legal acts.It is not necessary to distinguish between the interpretation of contract and that of declaration of intention.The boundaries of the possible meaning scope of ideographic symbols are the boundaries between the interpretation of declaration of intention in a narrow sense and the application of discretionary legal norms.However,if there are no relevant discretionary legal norms,a supplementary interpretation of declaration of intention should be carried out..Norm basis for the supplementary interpretation of declaration of intention can be found in Civil Code of PRC.There is a blurred area between the interpretation of declaration ofintention and the conversion of invalid legal acts so that the boundary can be changed flexibly according to the needs of practice.We can expand the scope of the interpretation of declaration of intention according to Art.142 of the Civil Code to make it undertake some functions of the conversion of invalid legal acts.

关 键 词：意思表示 意思表示解释 合同解释 漏洞填补 民法典 法律行为 

分 类 号：DF5[政治法律—民商法学]