城镇女性从业者的行业优势与就业结构研究——基于四川省第四次全国经济普查公报数据的观察  

A Study on Industrial Advantages and Employment Structure of Urban Female Practitioners——Based on Observation of Data from the Fourth National Economic Census of Sichuan Province

作　　者：沈茂英[1] Shen Maoying

机构地区：[1]四川省社会科学院经济研究所,成都610072

出　　处：《中国西部》2020年第4期77-88,共12页Western China

基　　金：四川省社会科学院项目“川滇藏区土地流转对女性生计影响与应对策略研究”(19YB06);成都市哲学社会科学规划课题“成都市返乡创业者的创业生态与发展现状研究”(2019R23)。

摘　　要：女性就业既是衡量女性发展的重要指标,也是女性经济独立的基本条件。受社会性别等多种因素影响,行业性别隔离和职业性别隔离广泛存在于城镇经济体之中。文章以四川省第四次全国经济普查公报数据为基础,对全省城镇经济所涉及的18个大类行业中女性从业者的行业优势度和行业分布密度进行统计分析发现:一是在卫生和社会工作、教育、金融、住宿和餐饮、文化体育和娱乐、批发和零售等行业中女性行业优势度比较明显;二是55%的城镇女性就业岗位分布在上述七大行业;三是城镇女性从业者既拥挤在低收入行业也聚集在高收入行业。城镇产业结构形塑城镇女性从业的行业分布,社会性别分工影响女性从业的行业优势。多样性既是城市从业人口的多维面相,也是城市产业和城市经济的特征。Female employment is not only an important indicator to measure women′s development,but also a basic condition for women′s economic independence.Industrial gender segregation and occupational gender segregation widely exists among the urban economic systems influenced by many factors such as social gender.Based on data from the Fourth National Economic Census of Sichuan Province,the article carries out a statistical analysis on industrial advantages and industrial distribution density of female practitioners in 18 major economic sectors involved in the provincial urban economy.It is found that:first,urban female practitioners have obvious advantages in 7 sectors such as hygiene and social work,education,finance,accommodation and catering,cultural sports and entertainment,wholesale industry and retail business;second,almost 55 percent of urban women′s jobs are in the seven industries mentioned above;third,urban female practitioners cluster in both the low-income sectors and high-income sectors.Diversity is not only the multidimensional aspect of urban working population,but also the characteristic of urban industry and urban economy.

关 键 词：女性从业者 行业优势 行业分布密度 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济] D422.6[经济管理—国民经济]