成为阿马齐格人--论非洲马格里布地区原住民族称变迁中的族群建构  

Becoming Amazigh--On the Construction of Ethnic Identity amid Ethnic Name Changes of the Indigenous People in Maghreb

作　　者：朱文珊 Wenshan Zhu

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学亚洲学院,北京100089

出　　处：《世界民族》2020年第4期69-80,共12页Journal of World Peoples Studies

基　　金：博士后科学基金第65批面上资助(2019M650561);北京高校中国特色社会主义理论研究协同创新中心(北京外国语大学)、国家社会科学基金重点项目“新时代中国马克思主义人类学的理论创新和意识形态建设研究”(19AZD027)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：阿马齐格人是非洲马格里布地区的原住民。历史上,外族对阿马齐格人有许多不同的称呼,其中最广为流传的是“柏柏尔人”,即“未开化的蛮族”。自20世纪中叶起,在马格里布地区的反殖民运动和民族主义运动中,源自母语、意为“自由人”的族称“阿马齐格人”逐渐取代了“柏柏尔人”一词,开始成为原住民的统一族称。在这一族称变迁过程中,马格里布原住民产生了强烈的族群意识,构建起统一的阿马齐格族群认同,逐渐形成一个现代意义上的族群。本文以在马格里布国家突尼斯的田野调查为基础,通过分析马格里布原住民的族称变迁,探讨阿马齐格人的族群建构。The Amazighs are the indigenous people in the region of Maghreb in North Africa.In history,they had been given many different names by other ethnic groups,of which“Berber”was the most widely circulated one,meaning derogatorily the“uncivilized barbarians”.On the contrary,their self-given name“Amazigh”is positive,which means freeman in their mother tongue.Since the mid-20 th century,“Amazigh”has gradually replaced“Berber”to become the name of the entire ethnic group during their fight against colonialism and in their Arab nationalist movement in Maghreb.In such a process,the Amazighs have gained a strong ethnic awareness,and established a new unified ethnic identity,hence giving birth to an ethnic group in modern sense.Based on the fieldwork in Tunisia,a country within Maghreb,this paper discusses the construction of ethnic identity of the Amazigh people through studying the change of names of the indigenous people in Maghreb.

关 键 词：阿马齐格人 柏柏尔人 马格里布原住民 族称变迁 

分 类 号：C951[社会学—民族学]