权利的成本:疫情防控中的公民权利辨析——以中国新冠肺炎抗疫措施为例  

The Cost of Rights:Analysis of Civil Rights in Epidemic Prevention and Control:Focusing on China’s Measures in Combating COVID-19

作　　者：徐斌[1] XU Bin

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所

出　　处：《人权》2020年第3期71-86,共16页Human Rights

摘　　要：西方自由放任主义的权利理论中,公民权利与政府行为之间常常表现为冲突关系。而从桑斯坦的"权利成本"理论来看,公民权利的保障依赖于公共财政支撑的政府机制。用"权利成本"理论来理解新冠肺炎疫情中的公民权利与政府防控措施的关系,具有启发意义。中国政府的抗疫事例揭示了公民权利所具有四幅面相:公民"自由"同样依赖政府行为;权利的实现依赖公共产品的有效供给;权利的实现程度与治理的效能相关;权利保障的序列是政府的政治选择结果。从社会成本来看,公民权利也离不开共同体的社会规范与价值选择。在后疫情时代人类健康共同体的构建中,中国的权利保障制度和实践具有重要的启发意义。In the rights theories of western lassez-faire,there is often a conflicting relationship between civil rights and government actions.However,according to Sunstein’s theory of the "cost of rights",the safeguarding of civil rights depends on the government mechanism supported by public finances.It is enlightening to apply the theory of the "cost of rights" to understand the relationship between civil rights and government prevention & control measures in the COVID-19 epidemic.The case of Chinese government’s anti-epidemic endeavors reveals four aspects of civil rights:individual freedom also relies on government actions;the realization of rights depends on the effective supply of public goods;the degree to which rights can be realized relates to the effectiveness of national governance;the priority sequence of rights to be safeguarded results from the government’s political choice.From the perspective of social cost,civil rights are also inseparable from the social norms and values of the community.In building the health community for all mankind in the post-epidemic era,the enlightenment from China’s rights protection is of great significance.

关 键 词：公共卫生 自由主义 生命权 积极权利 国家治理 

分 类 号：D621.5[政治法律—政治学] R181.8[政治法律—中外政治制度]