红富士苹果不同化学疏花剂的疏除效果及成本分析  

Effects of Chemical Blossom Thinners and Cost on Xinhong 1 Fuji Apple

作　　者：王安丽 李文胜[1] 周文静 吴泽珍 张振军 胡安鸿 WANG Anli;LI Wensheng;ZHOU Wenjing;WU Zezhen;ZHANG Zhenjun;HU Anhong(College of Forestry and Horticulture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Institute of Forestry Science of Aksu Prefecture,Aksu Xinjiang 843000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]阿克苏地区林业科学研究所,新疆阿克苏843000

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2020年第7期1251-1258,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中央财政林业科技推广示范项目“苹果新品种优质栽培示范”;新疆维吾尔自治区果树重点学科基金;新疆农业大学苹果国家良种基地;新疆园艺作物种质资源与高效生产重点实验室。

摘　　要：【目的】研究对比不同化学疏花剂对红富士苹果花的疏除效果并分析成本,筛选出适宜阿克苏红富士苹果的化学疏花剂及浓度,为减少人工疏花成本、调控树体负载量、提升果品品质提供参考。【方法】以初果期和盛果期红富士苹果新红1号为试材,在中心花75%~85%和全树70%~85%的花开放时期。喷施不同浓度的石硫合剂、乙烯利、甲酸钙、疏花剂,以人工疏果为对照,分析化学疏花剂的疏除效果及成本。【结果】不同浓度的石硫合剂、乙烯利、甲酸钙、疏花剂,对初果期树和盛果期树的花均有疏除作用,疏除效果不同,与对照相互比较均有差异,成本相差较大。【结论】通过花序坐果率、花朵坐果率、单果占比、空台率、疏除率综合比较,石硫合剂200倍液在初果期树的疏除效果与人工疏果效果最相近,成本为人工疏果的17.08%;石硫合剂150倍液在盛果期树上的疏除效果与人工最相近,成本为人工疏果的24.79%。化学疏花的成本与疏花剂的价格及树龄呈正相关。【Objective】Comparison To compare the effect and cost of different chemical blossom thinners on Red Fuji apples,and find suitable chemicals and itsand concentration which can well regulate the load and improve quality and reduce costs in Aksu.【Methods】Taking the initial fruit stage and high yield stage Xinhong No.1 as the test material,several blossom thinning treatments were evaluated,including hand-thinning(control),stone sulphur,ethephon,calcium formate,and thinner.Chemical treatments were applied when 75%-85%of center flower and 70%-85%of whole tree flower was blooming.Compared with hand thinnedthinning,the effects of thinning and cost were analyzed.【Results】Different concentrations of stone sulphur mixture,ethephon,calcium formate and thinner had different thinning effects.Compared with the control,there are differences in cost.,The cost varies greatly.【Conclusion】Through the comprehensive comparison of fruit setting rate of inflorescence,fruit setting rate of flower,percentage of single fruit,empty platform rate and removal rate,the effect of the stone sulphur mixture 200 times solution in the initial fruit stage was the closest to artificial fruit thinning,and the cost was 17.08%of human labor.The effect of the stone sulphur mixture 150 times solution in the full bearing period was the closest to artificial fruit thinning,and the cost was 24..79%of human labor.The cost of chemical thinning was positively correlated with the price of thinning and tree age.

关 键 词：红富士苹果 化学疏花剂 疏花 坐果率 成本 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]