施氮水平对‘库尔勒香梨’15N-尿素的吸收、分配及利用的影响  

Effect of different nitrogen application levels on 15N-urea absorption,distribution and utilization of‘Kuerlexiangli’pear

作　　者：何雪菲 马泽跃 张文太[1,2] 陈波浪 张茜[1] 柴仲平 HE Xuefei;MAZeyue;ZHANGWentai;CHEN Bolang;ZHANG Qian;CHAI Zhongping(College of Grassland and Environment Sciences,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆土壤与植物生态过程实验室,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《果树学报》2020年第9期1336-1345,共10页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金面上项目(2017D01A38)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究施氮水平对‘库尔勒香梨’树体生长和氮素吸收利用的影响,为合理施肥及提高氮肥利用率提供参考。【方法】以6 a(年)生的‘库尔勒香梨’树体为研究材料,采用15N示踪技术,研究不同施氮水平下‘库尔勒香梨’树体的生长状况和对氮素的吸收、分配及利用特性。【结果】在不同的施氮水平下,‘库尔勒香梨’树体的生物量、氮素积累量随生育期的推进和施氮水平的提高而增加,均表现为N3>N2>N1>N0。‘库尔勒香梨’树体各器官的Ndff值在不同施氮水平下差异较大,各生育期均表现为N3水平下最大,N2次之,N1最小。在果实成熟期时,不同施氮水平下果实15N分配率存在差异,N2水平下15N分配率(31.79%)显著高于N3(23.86%)和N1(23.76%)。‘库尔勒香梨’树体15N利用率随生育期的推进显著提高,在果实成熟期树体15N利用率表现为N2(20.19%)>N1(16.86%)>N3(15.58%)。【结论】氮肥施入至果实成熟期,在N2水平下果实的生物量和对氮素的积累量达到最大值,树体对肥料15N-尿素的利用率也达到最高(20.19%)。因此,在‘库尔勒香梨’的栽培中,应该适宜控制氮素的投入,明确最适的氮肥用量,从而提高树体的氮肥利用率和果实产量,推荐6 a生‘库尔勒香梨’施氮水平为每666.7 m^2施氮20 kg。【Objective】The application of nitrogen fertilizer has a great effect on the growth of fruit trees.Nitrogen deficiency or nitrogen excess limits the growth of fruit trees and the formation of yield.As a regional product,‘Kuerlexiangli’pear is expanding constantly in terms of planting area.Farmers choose to increase nitrogen fertilizer application in order to improve the yield.Excessive nitrogen fertilizer input not only reduces the use of nitrogen fertilizer by the tree,but also increases production costs and reduces fruit yield and quality.At present,the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in‘Kuerlexiangli’pear orchards in Xinjiang has reached 300-450 kg·hm^-2,which has exceeded the nitrogen absorption limit of fruit trees.With the increase in nitrogen application,nitrogen utilization rate of the tree decreases.Reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer has a great effect in improving the nitrogen utilization efficiency,and it is also of great significance to improve the economic and ecological benefits of the orchards.Therefore,the effects of different nitrogen application levels on the growth and nitrogen absorption,distribution and utilization characteristics in‘Kuerlexiangli’pear trees were studied in this research so as to provide a reference for the rational fertilization and for the improvement of nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency.【Methods】Six-year-old‘Kuerlexiangli’pear trees were used as the experimental material,and 15N tracing was used to explore the characteristics of the growth status.15Nurea absorption,distribution and utilization characteristics in different organs(taproot,first-order lateral root,second-order lateral roots,trunk,perennial branch,one-year branch,upper leaf,mid terminal lobe,lower leaf,fruit)of the trees under different nitrogen application rates(N0:without nitrogen,N1:low nitrogen,N2:middle nitrogen,and N3:high nitrogen)were studied.【Results】The biomass and nitrogen accumulation of the trees increased with fruit development,and showed

关 键 词：‘库尔勒香梨’ 施氮水平 氮素 吸收 分配 利用 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]