‘台农1号’西番莲的成花坐果特性及与气象因子的关系  

Flower formation and fruit setting in‘Tainong No.1’passion fruit and its relationship with meteorological factors

作　　者：田青兰 吴艳艳[1] 黄伟华[1] 刘洁云[1] 韦绍龙[1] 牟海飞[1] 韦弟[1] 黄永才[1] 熊晓兰 张英俊 TIAN Qinglan;WU Yanyan;HUANG Weihua;LIU Jieyun;WEI Shaolong;MOU Haifei;WEI Di;HUANG Yongcai;XIONG Xiaolan;ZHANG Yingjun(Biotechnology Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,Guangxi,China;Nanning Dingsen Agricultural Development Co.,Ltd,Nanning 530000,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院生物技术研究所,南宁530007 [2]南宁鼎森农业发展有限公司,南宁530000

出　　处：《果树学报》2020年第9期1358-1370,共13页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：广西重点研发计划(桂科AB18294007);广西自然科学基金(2018GXNSFBA281024,2019GXNSFAA245002);南宁市重大科技专项(20162009);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2018YT19)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究国内主栽西番莲品种的成花坐果特性及与温度、光照强度等气象因子的关系,明确其优势坐果枝蔓和节位以及影响成花坐果的关键气象因素和主要影响时段。【方法】以国内主栽西番莲品种‘台农1号’为研究对象,采用单因素随机区组法,调查不同节位、不同枝蔓的花芽分化率、花芽退化率及坐果率,并分析不同生长季各级枝蔓的成花坐果特性及与温光等气象因子的相关关系。【结果】(1)‘台农1号’西番莲夏秋季平均花芽分化率为77.2%,平均花芽退化率为41.4%,平均坐果率为36.5%,整体表现为花芽分化多退化也多,坐果率较低。不同节位间呈现基部节位花芽分化少,端部节位花芽退化多的特征;其中,4~7节位花芽分化数较多且坐果率稳定,为优势坐果节位。二级蔓的花芽分化基数较大,且坐果数较多;基部1~3节位着生的一级蔓和二级蔓的花芽性状优于第3节位之后着生的枝蔓。(2)相关关系分析结果显示,在开花前20~35 d日最高温度和日平均温度与单株花芽分化率和花芽退化率均呈显著负相关;其次,开花当日最高温度和平均温度分别高于36.19℃和26.24℃时坐果率随温度升高而下降,且开花后5~20 d的日最高温度与一级蔓和二级蔓坐果率均呈显著负相关。进一步分析表明,花芽形成期最高温/最低温34.2/20.4℃~36.7/23.4℃条件下,不利于二级蔓和三级蔓花芽形成;而越接近花芽分化后期,日平均光照强度为4.00~4.79 klx,光照强度越大则二级蔓和三级蔓的花芽分化率和退化率越高,而低温加弱光条件下花芽分化则受到抑制。此外,日平均相对湿度与二级蔓成花坐果性状呈负相关关系。【结论】‘台农1号’西番莲优势坐果节位为4~7节位,优势坐果枝蔓为二级蔓,且花前20~35 d和开花当天及花后5~20 d的高温分别是限制其花芽形成和坐果的最主要气象因素。【Objective】Passion fruit is an important tropical and subtropical vine crop in south China.This study aims to explore the flower formation and fruit setting characteristics of a main passionfruit variety planted in China to identify the dominant fruiting nodes and branches.Furthermore,key meteorological factors that affect the flowering and fruiting were studied and the crucial effective period was determined.【Methods】The main Chinese passion fruit variety‘Tainong No.1’was selected as the material for the study.Stems of different order branches including main vines(0/x),primary lateral vines(1/x/x),secondary lateral vines(1/x/x/x)and tertiary lateral vines(1/x/x/x/x)were observed.We tagged the buds at the beginning of flower bud formation to investigate the flower bud differentiation and degeneration,fruit setting and fruit dropping at each node of the vines.According to the investigation,the differentiated percentage of flower bud(DIFB),degeneration percentage of flower bud(DEFB)and fruit set percentage(FSP)at different nodes and branches were calculated.Besides,the data of temperature,light intensity and relative humidity were collected synchronously in the orchard,and the correlations between the flower formation and fruit setting characteristics of different branches in different growth seasons and meteorological factors before and after flowering were analyzed.【Results】(1)DIFB of‘Tainong No.1’was 77.2%,DEFB was 41.4%,and FSP was 36.5%on average in summer and autumn.On the whole,‘Tainong No.1’displayed high a flower differentiation rate and a high flower bud degeneration rate,but low fruit set.There was poor flower bud differentiation at the basal nodes with high flower bud degeneration incidence at the distal nodes.The DIFB,DEFB and FSP of the 4-7^th nodes ranged from 84.2%to 98.0%,22.2%to 38.8%,and 37.3%to 43.0%,respectively.These results suggested that the 4-7^th nodes had a higher flower bud differentiation rate with a good FSP.Therefore,these nodes were the dominant fruiting nodes

关 键 词：西番莲 ‘台农1号’ 花芽 坐果 气象因子 枝蔓 

分 类 号：S667.9[农业科学—果树学]