不同落叶果树根际微生物群落代谢与组成的差异性研究  

Differences in metabolism and composition of microbial communities in rhizosphere soils with different deciduous fruit trees

作　　者：邵微[1,2] 于会丽 张培基[1] 徐国益[1] 乔宪生 高登涛[1] 王志强[1] 田鹏[1] 司鹏[1] SHAO Wei;YU Huili;ZHANG Peiji;XU Guoyi;QIAO Xiansheng;GAO Dengtao;WANG Zhiqiang;TIAN Peng;SI Peng(Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450009,Henan,China;College of Forestry,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所,郑州450009 [2]河南农业大学林学院,郑州450002

出　　处：《果树学报》2020年第9期1371-1383,共13页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：特色林果业(红枣、苹果、香梨和葡萄)简约栽培标准化模式研究与示范推广;中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-2019-ZFRI);院统筹基本科研业务费-2020郑果所新乡基地试验研究与技术服务(Y2020XC16)。

摘　　要：【目的】从根际微生物群落代谢与组成方面探讨不同落叶果树根际差异性。【方法】利用Biolog ECO板方法与Illumina Miseq sequencing技术,以未种植果树区域土壤为对照,研究苹果、梨及葡萄等8种落叶果树根际微生物群落的代谢与组成。【结果】8种果树根际微生物的代谢活性与功能多样性指数(除Pielou均匀度指数E外)均显著高于对照。比较8种果树根际微生物群落的碳源利用特征情况发现,杏树根际微生物群落对酚酸类物质(PC,phenolic compounds)的利用比率显著下降,对碳水化合物(CH,carbohydrate)的利用比率显著上升,而对照土壤微生物群落对氨基酸类(AA,amino acids)碳源利用比率最高。细菌与真菌群落纲水平相对丰度表明,8种果树根际细菌与真菌群落相对丰度存在明显差异,其中苹果与核桃γ-变形菌纲相对丰度较其他果树显著上升;而与细菌群落相比,8种果树根际真菌群落在纲水平上差异更为明显。基于纲水平优势菌与微生物群落代谢之间的相关性分析表明,微生物群落代谢与Betaproteobacteria、Alphaproteobacteria及Sphingobacteriia呈显著正相关,而与Gemmatimonadetes、Sordariomycetes、Glomeromycetes及Chytridiomycetes均呈显著负相关。另外,RDA分析表明,微生物功能多样性(除E外)与细菌α多样性呈正相关,而与真菌α多样性呈负相关。【结论】8种果树微生物群落碳代谢存在显著差异。8种果树根际细菌与真菌群落均存在显著差异,而真菌群落较细菌差异更为显著。根际微生物群落代谢与细菌群落呈正相关,而与真菌群落呈负相关。【Objective】Rhizosphere effect driven by plant root exudates can affect the rhizosphere environment, including changes in soil pH, soil physical and chemical characteristics, and microbial communities. As the second genome of plants, rhizospheric microbial community plays a vital role in plant growth, and its composition and metabolism determine the intensity and direction of the rhizospheric nutrient cycle. The main ways for microbe to promote nutrient uptake by plants are mineralization of organic matter and activation of effective states of mineral elements, which can significantly affect fruit yield and quality. However, little is known about the differences between rhizospheric microbial communities in different fruit trees, especially in deciduous fruit trees. Therefore, it is necessary to study the composition and metabolism of the soil microbial communities, and to explore the differences of microbial communities in the rhizospheres of different fruit trees.【Methods】The experienment was conducted at Xinxiang Integrated Test Base, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, located in Henan province of China. Eight deciduous fruit trees including apple, pear,apricot, cherry, peach, grape, walnut, and pomegranat, were planted in March 2012. The plots without fruit trees were used as controls(CK). Soil samples were collected from 10-20 cm soil layer in the rhizospheres of eight deciduous fruit trees in May 2017, placed in a sterile bag, and stored at-80 ℃. The Biolog EcoPlate method and Illumina Miseq sequencing technology were used to measure the metabolism and composition of different fruit trees rhizospheric microbial communities.【Results】The metabolic activity and functional diversity indexes(except Pielou index E) of the microbial communities in the eight fruit trees rhizosphere were significantly higher than those of the CK. The rhizospheric microbial communities of apple, grape, pomegranate and cherry had higher metabolism, while peach, pear and apricot t

关 键 词：落叶果树 根际土壤微生物群落 Biolog Eco-板 Illumina Miseq sequencing技术 相关分析 

分 类 号：S66[农业科学—果树学]