村镇银行信贷投放:分散还是集中?  

Credit Supply of Rural Banks: Decentralize or Centralize?

作　　者：张岳 彭世广 ZHANG Yue;PENG Shiguang

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学经济管理学院

出　　处：《金融监管研究》2020年第7期7-22,共16页Financial Regulation Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目“新时期农业发展的国家政策支持体系研究”(71333008)。

摘　　要：在当前推进乡村振兴战略的背景下,保障村镇银行的安全性与盈利性是其服务“三农”发展、助力金融普惠的基础。本文从风险与收益视角出发,探讨了村镇银行贷款投放应该分散还是集中的问题。本文以全国65家村镇银行2014—2018年非均衡面板数据为样本,通过实证分析发现;第一,贷款集中度提高会恶化村镇银行贷款质量,增加经营风险,降低村镇银行收益水平。第二,贷款质量起到中介作用,即贷款集中度提高会恶化贷款质量进而降低银行收益;同时,对村镇银行而言,贷款集中并未产生明显的成本节约效应。第三,与东部地区村镇银行相比,中西部地区村镇银行收益水平受贷款集中度的负面影响更为显著。基于此,本文认为,村镇银行应分散化授信,在实际工作中应加强信贷管理与员工风险教育,调整员工绩效考评机制;政府应进一步优化村镇银行的经营环境。Under the background of the implementation of the current rural revitalization strategy,ensuring the safety and profitability of rural banks is the basis for them to serve the development of"agriculture,rural areas and farmers"and promote inclusive finance.From the perspective of risks and returns,this paper discusses whether rural banks should decentralize or centralize their lending.Taking the unbalanced panel data of 65 rural banks nationwide from 2014 to 2018 as samples,empirical analysis shows that:first,the increase of concentration of loans will deteriorate rural banks'loan quality,increase the management of risk,reduce the rural banks'income level;Second,the loan quality plays an intermediary role,that is,the loan concentration deteriorates the loan quality and thus reduces the bank income.Meanwhile,for rural banks,there is no obvious cost-saving effect from the loan concentration.Third,contrasting to rural banks in the eastern region,the income level of rural banks in the central and western regions is more significantly affected by the negative impact of loan concentration.Based on this,this paper believes that rural banks should decentralize their lending,strengthen credit management and risk education of the staff,adjust evaluation mechanism of the staff's performance,and further optimize the operating environment of rural banks.

关 键 词：村镇银行 贷款集中度 收益水平 贷款质量 

分 类 号：F832.3[经济管理—金融学]