“实力与外交”——迪安·艾奇逊与战后美国对欧政策构建  

Strength and Diplomacy:Dean Acheson and the Formation of Postwar America's European Policy

作　　者：王道 夏亚峰 WANG Dao;XIA Ya-feng(International Relations Institute, China Foreign Affairs University, Beijing, 100037;School of Politics and Law, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China)

机构地区：[1]外交学院国际关系研究所,北京100037 [2]东北师范大学政法学院,吉林长春130117

出　　处：《史学集刊》2020年第5期57-68,79,共13页Collected Papers of History Studies

基　　金：2016—2017年度“北京市国内外联合培养研究生项目”;中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目“战后美国双重遏制战略的形成与演变”(2019M660725)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：杜鲁门政府时期的美国对欧政策是第二次世界大战结束后初期美国外交政策的核心内容,国务卿迪安·艾奇逊是欧洲政策制定过程中的灵魂人物。在他的主导下,现当代美国以欧洲事务为核心的外交模式基本确立,大西洋联盟的巩固和发展由此成为现当代国际关系史的重要内容。对艾奇逊外交理念以及实践过程的探讨,呈现出战后美国逐步制定并推行遏制战略,缔造两极格局的全过程。秉持“实力地位”与“总体外交”这两个核心概念,艾奇逊竭力塑造出新的国际秩序,使之能够助益于提升美国国家实力。战后初期美国对欧政策的成功推行,加速了美国全球主导地位的获得,艾奇逊及其同侪最终构建起一个反映美国价值观,守护美国经济和安全利益的全球体系。America's European Policy of the Truman administration was an essential part of postwar American Foreign Policy,and Secretary of State Dean Acheson played a key role in the process.Under his guidance,the Europe-centered American diplomatic model came into existence.Thus,the consolidation and development of the Atlantic Alliance became an indispensable part of modern international relations history.This study on Acheson's diplomatic idea and relevance practices would present the whole process during which the U.S.implemented containment strategy and created the bipolar structure.Based on two classical concepts,the situation of strength and total diplomacy,Acheson struggled to mold a new world order that would enable American power.Therefore,the implementation of postwar America's European policy gave rise to U.S.global predominance.Acheson and his compatriots finally constructed a global order that reflected American values and protected U.S.interests and security.

关 键 词：欧洲政策 实力地位 总体外交 大西洋主义 双重遏制 

分 类 号：F42[经济管理—产业经济]