肯尼迪政府时期美国对蒙古政策研究  

The United States Policy on Mongolia during Kennedy Administration

作　　者：程早霞[1] 孙师文 CHENG Zao-xia;SUN Shi-wen(School of Marxism, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058;School of Marxism, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学马克思主义学院,浙江杭州310058 [2]哈尔滨工程大学马克思主义学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《史学集刊》2020年第5期69-79,共11页Collected Papers of History Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学基金项目“中国边疆安全与美国因素——以西藏、新疆、内外蒙古为例”(09YJAGJW009)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在雅尔塔会议上美国同意苏联参加对日作战提出的保持外蒙古现状的条件,但在20世纪40—50年代美国并没有正式承认外蒙古独立。肯尼迪政府时期美国启动了与蒙古建交的行动,正式承认其为独立主权国家,并在联合国关于蒙古入联问题上投了弃权票。由于担心蒙古不能入联引发连锁反应对美国不利,肯尼迪政府在外交上对台湾当局施压,迫使其没有在联合国行使否决权,蒙古于1961年正式成为联合国成员。然而由于国际形势的变化,特别是柏林危机和台湾当局的极力反对,肯尼迪政府未能在任内完成与蒙古建交事宜。肯尼迪政府时期美国对蒙古政策的变化反映了冷战时期美国对亚洲内陆国家外交政策的实质,即为美国的冷战战略服务。The United States agreed with the Soviet Union to maintain the status quo of Outer Mongolia on the condition of the latter's participating in the war against Japanese at the Yalta conference.However,the U.S.did not formally recognize the independence of Outer Mongolia from the 1940s to 1950s.It was not successful for the U.S.to establish diplomatic relations with Mongolia during the Kennedy administration,but the U.S.recognized Mongolia as an independent sovereign state and abstained on the issue of the latter's entry into the United Nations.The U.S.exerted diplomatic pressure on Taiwan not to veto in the UN in case of the chain reaction caused by Mongolia's failure on joining the UN.Mongolia became a member of UN in 1961.The U.S.did not establish diplomatic relations with Mongolia in 1961 owing to the cold war,especially the Berlin Crisis and the Taiwan authorities'strong opposition,which reflected the essence of American foreign policy on the inland countries in Asia that aims to serve the cold war strategy.

关 键 词：蒙古 肯尼迪政府 美国 中国 

分 类 号：F42[经济管理—产业经济]