九一八事变后组建国联调查团议决案及解释性文件的形成  

The Formation of Resolution and Explanatory Documents for the Establishment the Commission of the League of Nations after the September 18th Incident

作　　者：陈海懿 Chen Haiyi

机构地区：[1]南京大学中华民国史研究中心

出　　处：《抗日战争研究》2020年第2期80-97,M0003,M0004,共20页Studies of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression

基　　金：国家社会科学基金抗日战争研究专项工程“李顿调查团档案翻译与研究”(16KZD017);江苏省社会科学基金项目“东京审判诺兰检察官个人档案的整理与研究”(19LSCOO4)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：九一八事变后,国际联盟希望能够和平解决中日冲突,组建国联调查团逐渐成为唯一的选择。在组建调查团的议决案产生过程中,中国、日本、以英法为代表的国联及美国,都根据自身利益提出诉求,国联理事会上的外交博弈紧张且复杂。该议决案历经初步草案、修正草案和最终文本三个步骤,各方围绕调查团的作用、权限、首先调查事项及“匪盗”条款等关键内容展开激烈争论。获得一致通过的议决案最大限度地综合和容纳了各方利益,并经由理事会主席声明和当事国保留声明等文件予以解释,结果却导致组建调查团的设计被“大妥协”所消解,在此基础上组建的调查团实际上从一开始就无法真正有效地制止日本的侵华行动。After the September 18th Incident,the League of Nations hoped that the Sino-Japanese conflict could be resolved peacefully,and the establishment of the Commission of the League of Nations gradually became the only option.In the process of making a resolution for establishing the commission,China,Japan,the League of Nations represented by Britain and France,and the United States made claims according to their own interests.The diplomatic game on the Council of the League of Nations was tense and complex.The resolution experienced the preliminary draft,the revised draft and the final text,and there were heated disputes among the parties over some key issues such as its role,its power,the matters to be firstly investigated and the“banditry”clause.The unanimously adopted resolution,which synthesized and accommodated the interests of all parties to the maximum extent and was interpreted through documents such as the statement of the President of the Council and the reservation statements by the parties,had led to the design of the commission being dispelled by a“great compromise.”From the start the commission established on the basis actually could not effectively prevent Japan's aggression against China.

关 键 词：九一八事变 国联调查团 国民政府 日本 国联理事会 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]