传统、路径与影响——日韩近代城市规划体系发展与形成的比较研究  

Study on the Development and Formation of the Modern Urban Planning System in Japan and Korea

作　　者：傅舒兰[1,2] Fu Shulan

机构地区：[1]浙江大学建筑工程学院区域与城市规划系 [2]中国城市规划学会城市规划历史与理论委员会

出　　处：《国际城市规划》2020年第4期36-43,共8页Urban Planning International

基　　金：韩国高等教育财团KFAS/CIAS International Scholar Exchange Fellowship Program 2018-2019资助。

摘　　要：本文在日韩城市规划史既有研究基础上,运用历史制度主义研究方法的基本思路对两国近代城市规划体系的发展与形成作一梳理。比较梳理结果,可见两国发展路径十分相似,均相继经历了模仿和学习外国的探索期、地方自治体以改良既有城区为主的"市区改正"期、国家主导推进的"都市计画"立法和制定期。同时,由于近代韩国经历了长时期的日本统治,两国的制度来源和技术特征也十分近似。但是,由于两国在制度引入、形成、发展和定型的关键节点上存在较大差异,因此在具体的发展层面呈现出不同发展成果:日本形成了较为完备的、以中央集权为特征、"都市计画"与"国土计画"组合的二重城市规划制度体系;韩国则只颁布了简化的战时地方法令,形成了以《朝鲜市街地计画令》为主、配合大型项目推进的近代城市规划特征。This paper studies the development and formation of the modern urban planning system in Japan and Korea, based on a literature review and the research method of Historical Institutionalism. Comparing the results, it can be seen that the two countries have very similar development paths, which have gone through three main stages in succession: the exploratory period of imitating and learning from foreign countries, the "Shi-ku-kai-sei" period in which the local self-government focuses on improvement of existing urban areas, and the state-led promotion of the "Urban Planning" legislation period. At the same time, since modern Korea experienced a long period of Japanese rule, the origin and technical characteristics of the two countries’ systems also showed very similar characteristics. However, due to the great differences between the two countries in the critical junctures of historical process, they ultimately lead to diverse development results in the specific development level. Japan has formed a relatively complete dual urban planning system characterized by centralization, a combination of "urban planning" and "regional planning". Korea only promulgated simplified local laws and regulations in response to the needs of war, and formed modern urban planning features based on the "Korean Street Planning Order" and cooperating with large-scale projects.

关 键 词：日本 韩国 近代 城市规划 发展路径 历史制度主义 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]