某新运行核电站所在地居民核辐射风险认知调查分析  

Investigation and analysis of cognition on nuclear radiation risk in residents around a new operating nuclear power plant

作　　者：刘晓勇[1] 谭剑明[2] 黄永顺[1] 黄健 江嘉欣[1] 赖关朝[1] LIU Xiaoyong;TAN Jianming;HUANG Yongshun;HUANG Jian;JIANG Jiaxin;LAI Guanchao(Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment,Guangzhou 510300 China;Jiangmen Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention and Control)

机构地区：[1]广东省职业病防治院,广东广州510300 [2]江门市职业病防治所

出　　处：《中国辐射卫生》2020年第3期281-284,共4页Chinese Journal of Radiological Health

基　　金：广东省科技计划项目(2016A020224005);广东省医学科研基金(C2017008、C2019061);江门市科技计划项目(2019020401340005265)。

摘　　要：目的了解某新运行的核电站不同距离范围内居民对核辐射风险认知水平,探讨影响对核电认知的因素。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,以该核电站所在地区50 km范围内外共2017名居民为调查对象,采用《核电站所在地区核辐射风险认知调查表》进行面对面调查问卷。结果共回收有效问卷1952份,在辐射知识认知情况方面,认为在医院做影像检查时受到电离辐射照射、认为不同放射性物质的半衰期不同,50 km范围内均高于50 km范围外的正确回答率,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在核电站认知情况方面,认为日本福岛核电站事故对我国居民健康有影响、担心核电站发生严重事故和损害身体健康的比率,50 km范围内均高于50 km范围外,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在核辐射应急认知情况方面,认为发生核事故时应当服用稳定性碘的正确回答率、对中央政府和当地政府处理各种突发事件能力认可率的比较,50 km范围内的调查结果均高于50 km范围外,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在核辐射影响认知情况方面,认为核电站对所在地区环境影响较大、希望了解核电站的相关信息,50 km范围内均高于50 km范围外的正确回答率,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论应当通过多种途径加强核电站周围居民的核辐射知识的宣传教育,提升核辐射知识的正确认知水平。Objective To investigate the level of nuclear radiation risk awareness of residents in different distance areas and the influence factors.Methods The stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted,and 2017 residents within 50 km of the area where the new Operating nuclear power plant was located were taken as the survey objects.The face-to-face survey questionnaire was adopted by using the"Nuclear Radiation Risk Awareness Questionnaire for Nuclear Power Plant Areas".Results Total 1952 valid questionnaires were collected.It showed that ionizing radiation during CT examinations,chest radiographs or radiographs in hospitals,and that the half-lives of different radioactive materials were different,and all response rates of the residents within 50 km is better than 50 km.The difference in the correct answers rate was statistically significant(P<0.05).Regarding the awareness of nuclear power plants,the correct answers rate at the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident in Japan has an impact on the health of our residents and the rate of fear of serious accidents and damage to the health of nuclear power plantsof the residents within 50 km are higher than those outside 50 kmwhich are statistically significant(P<0.05).Regarding the awareness of nuclear radiation emergency,it is believed that stable iodine will be used in the event of a nuclear accident,and the comparison of the ability of the central government and the local government to deal with various emergencies.The correct answers of the residents within 50 km is higher than that outside 50 km which differences are statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The publicity and education of nuclear radiation knowledge of the residents around the nuclear power plant should be strengthened and improve their correct awareness of nuclear radiation knowledge.

关 键 词：核辐射 居民 认知调查 

分 类 号：X591[环境科学与工程—环境工程]