论人工智能时代立法者的危机与生机  

On the Crisis and Opportunity for the Legislator in the Era of Artificial Intelligence

作　　者：陈光 CHEN Guang(Humanities and Social Sciences Faculty,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学人文与社会科学学部,辽宁大连116024

出　　处：《河北法学》2020年第8期160-174,共15页Hebei Law Science

基　　金：2019年度国家自然科学基金面上项目《面向负责任创新的新兴技术社会风险治理策略与政策工具耦合机制研究》(71974027)。

摘　　要：无论在技术、实践还是制度层面,人工智能都在真实地影响着我们的社会。人类已经进入人工智能时代。立法者是实施人工智能规制首要的也是最重要的主体,应该积极回应人工智能带来的挑战。然而,人工智能时代立法者自身也面临着诸多危机,具体表现为现行法律制度或规则的理论修正与伦理取向的不确定,相关利益群体的诉求压力和立法者自身能力的不足等。当然,危机中也有生机。人工智能的挑战在宏观层面上有助于促使现代法律制度和理论体系保持开放性和自我更新。立法者也可以借助人工智能强大的数据收集和分析等能力,有效提高立法效率和改进立法质量。针对人工智能带来的挑战和机遇,立法者应该"守住底线,有所作为"。立法者应通过法律规则去维护人类基本的伦理和价值体系,可在制度上设置一个"切断开关",同时保持开放的姿态,修正现行立法与法律制度和规则,使其更好地解决人工智能法律问题和回应相关利益群体的诉求等。Artificial intelligence has already real impact on our society both in technology,practice and institute.Human beings have entered the era of AI.Legislator is the primary and most important subject to regulate the AI and should response positively to the challenges brought by the AI.However,legislator also face some crisis in the era of AI,such as the uncertainty of theoretical correction and ethical orientation of current institutes or rules,the appeal pressure coming from the related interest groups as well as the scarce capacity of legislators themselves,etc.It is sure that there opportunities in the crisis.At the macro level,the challenges for AI are helpful to promote the modern legal system and theoretical system to keep it open and update themselves.The legislator could also improve the legislative efficiency and quality in virtue of the strong capacity of data collection and analysis.To the challenges and opportunities brought by AI,the legislator should hold the bottle line and do something positively.The legislator should safeguard the human fundamental ethics and value system by the legal rules,and could set up a kill switch in the legal system.Meanwhile,the legislator should keep an open mind to revise the current legislative and legal system and rules and prompt them to resolve the AI legal problems and response to the appeal of related interest groups preferably.

关 键 词：人工智能 立法者 危机 生机 “切断开关” 

分 类 号：DF0-052[政治法律—法学理论]