兰州市南北两山5种典型人工林凋落物的水文功能  

Hydrological functions of litters under five typical plantations in southern and northern mountains of Lanzhou City,Northwest China

作　　者：刘小娥[1] 苏世平[1] LIU Xiao-e;SU Shi-ping(College of Forestry,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学林学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2020年第8期2574-2582,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41661067);甘肃省科技厅自然科学基金项目(GSAU-STS-1628)资助。

摘　　要：结合野外实地观测和室内浸水试验,对兰州市南北两山5种典型人工林(侧柏林、刺槐林、新疆杨林、侧柏+刺槐混交林、新疆杨+刺槐混交林)凋落物的持水特性进行研究。结果表明:不同林分类型凋落物的蓄积量在13.50~47.01 t·hm^-2,依次为新疆杨+刺槐混交林>侧柏+刺槐混交林>侧柏林>刺槐林>新疆杨林。除侧柏林外,其他林分类型的半分解层蓄积量所占比例均高于未分解层。凋落物最大持水率在190.8%~262.7%,新疆杨+刺槐混交林最大,侧柏林最小。凋落物最大持水量在35.29~123.59 t·hm^-2,依次为新疆杨+刺槐混交林>侧柏+刺槐混交林>刺槐林>侧柏林>新疆杨林。凋落物的吸水速率在浸水0~1 h直线下降,1 h后降幅减缓,未分解层凋落物吸水速率小于半分解层。最大拦截量和有效拦截量(深)均为新疆杨+刺槐混交林>侧柏+刺槐混交林>侧柏林>刺槐林>新疆杨林,且新疆杨+刺槐混交林有较高的有效拦截率,表明新疆杨+刺槐混交林在兰州市南北两山有较好的保持水土和涵养水源能力。Combined with field observation and indoor water immersion test,water holding characteristics of litters from five typical plantations(Platycladus orientalis,Robinia pseudoacacia,Populus alba var.pyramidalis,P.orientalis+R.pseudoacacia,P.alba var.pyramidalis+R.pseudoacacia)in southern and northern mountains of Lanzhou City were examined.Results showed that litter mass under the plantations ranged from 13.50 to 47.01 t·hm^-2,with an order of P.alba var.pyramidalis+R.pseudoacacia>P.orientalis+R.pseudoacacia>P.orientalis>R.pseudoacacia>P.alba var.pyramidalis.The percentage of un-decomposed litters was greater than that of semi-decomposed litters in all plantations except for P.orientalis plantations.The maximum water-holding rate of litters ranged from 190.8%to 262.7%,with the greatest value in the P.alba var.pyramidalis+R.pseudoa-cacia and the lowest in P.orientalis plantations.The maximum water-holding capacity of litters was 35.29-123.59 t·hm^-2,with an order of P.alba var.pyramidalis+R.pseudoacacia>P.orientalis+R.pseudoacacia>R.pseudoacacia>P.orientalis>P.alba var.pyramidalis.Litter water absorption rate declined linearly within the first hour,and then decreased slowly.Semi-decomposed litters had a higher water-absorption rate than un-decomposed litters.The maximum water retaining amount and effective retaining amount of the litters were P.alba var.pyramidalis+R.pseudoacacia>P.orientalis+R.pseudoacacia>P.orientalis>R.pseudoacacia>P.alba var.pyramidalis.P.alba var.pyramidalis+R.pseudoacacia had the highest effective retaining rate.P.alba var.pyramidalis+R.pseudoacacia plantation had highest capacity for soil and water conservation in southern and northern mountains of Lanzhou City.

关 键 词：兰州市南北两山 林分类型 凋落物 持水特性 

分 类 号：S714[农业科学—林学]