水氮组合对冬小麦干物质及氮素积累和产量的影响  

Effects of water-nitrogen combination on dry matter,nitrogen accumulation and yield of winter wheat

作　　者：吕广德 王超[1] 靳雪梅 徐加利 王瑞霞[1] 孙宪印[1] 钱兆国[1] 吴科[1] LYU Guang-de;WANG Chao;JIN Xue-mei;XU Jia-li;WANG Rui-xia;SUN Xian-yin;QIAN Zhao-guo;WU Ke(Tai’an Academy of Agricultural Science,Tai’an 271000,Shandong,China;Rizhao Agricultural Technology Station,Rizhao 276800,Shandong,China;Tai’an Seed Management Station,Tai’an 271000,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]泰安市农业科学研究院,山东泰安271000 [2]日照市农业科学研究院,山东日照276800 [3]泰安市种子管理站,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2020年第8期2593-2603,共11页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划项目(2016GNC113004,2018GNC2302);山东省现代农业产业技术体系项目(SDAIT-04-021-12)资助。

摘　　要：于2015—2017年小麦生长季在山东省泰安市农业科学研究院肥城试验基地进行田间试验,供试材料为‘泰山28’,在150(A1)、300(A2)、450(A3)、600 m^3·hm^-2(A4)4个灌水量和90(B1)、135(B2)、180(B3)、225 kg·hm^-2(B4)4个施氮水平下,研究水氮组合对小麦生长发育过程中干物质积累、氮素积累、水分消耗利用、光合特性、籽粒产量等的影响。结果表明:A3B3条件下各生育阶段的干物质积累量和氮素积累量,成熟期籽粒干物质和氮素积累量均为最大,花前花后营养器官生产储藏干物质及氮素向籽粒的运输量最高,且与其他水氮组合处理差异显著。各氮素处理下,60~200 cm土层土壤耗水量均为A3>A4>A2>A1;A3B3处理下的水分利用效率和氮素利用效率高于A3B4、A4B3和A4B4。A3B3处理显著提高了开花后7~28 d的旗叶净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率,有利于小麦进行光合作用合成碳水化合物。水氮组合效应显著影响籽粒产量和产量构成,且A3B3处理下小麦产量最高,达到9400 kg·hm^-2。综上,450 m^3·hm^-2和180 kg·hm^-2的水氮组合处理可以显著提高小麦干物质和氮素积累量,并促进干物质和氮素向籽粒运输,与高水肥处理相比,可以有效提高水分利用效率和氮素利用效率,有利于增强小麦旗叶的光合能力,产生更多的碳水化合物,增加籽粒产量。In two growing seasons of wheat(2015-2017),we conducted a field trial with Taishan 28 in Tai’an Academy of Agricultural Science Feicheng experimental base,Tai’an City,Shandong Province.There were four irrigation levels of 150(A1),300(A2),450(A3),and 600(A4)m^3·hm^-2,and four nitrogen application levels of 90(B1),135(B2),180(B3),and 225(B4)kg·hm^-2.We examined the effects of the combination effects of irrigation and nitrogen on dry matter accumulation and transport,nitrogen accumulation and transport,water consumption and utilization,photosynthetic characteristics,wheat grain yield and yield components of wheat.The results showed that dry matter accumulation,nitrogen accumulation,vegetative organs production,storage and the transportation volume to grains of the dry matter and nitrogen,and dry matter and nitrogen accumulation of grain in the mature stage of wheat all reached the maximum in A3B3 treatment,which were significantly different from other treatments.Under all the nitrogen treatments,soil water consumption in the 60-200 cm soil layer was A3>A4>A2>A1.Water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency in A3B3 treatment were higher than that under A3B4,A4B3 and A4B4.The net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of flag leaves from 7 to 28 days after flowe-ring were all significantly higher in A3B3 treatment,which was conducive to the photosynthetic synthesis of carbohydrates in wheat.The interaction effect of water and nitrogen addition significantly affected grain yield and yield components.Wheat yield was the highest in A3B3 treatment which reached at 9400 kg·hm^-2.In conclusion,the treatment with irrigation of 450 m^3·hm^-2 and nitrogen of 180 kg·hm^-2 could significantly improve dry matter and nitrogen accumulation,and promote transportation volume of the dry matter and nitrogen to grain.Compared with the high water and nitrogen treatment,it could effectively increase water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency,enhance photosynthetic capacity of flag leaf,produce mo

关 键 词：小麦 干物质 氮素利用效率 光合特性 产量 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]