基于改进的主成分分析法的钻头优选评价模型  

Bit Selection and Evaluation Model Based on Improved Principal Component Analysis

作　　者：刘彪[1,2] 许瑞 王居贺 闫铁[3] 孙文峰[3] 邵阳[3] Liu Biao;Xu Rui;Wang Juhe;Yan Tie;Sun Wenfeng;Shao Yang(Engineering and Technology Research Institute,Sinopec Northwest Oilfield Company;Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery of Sinopec’s Fracture-Cave Reservoir;Northeast Petroleum University)

机构地区：[1]中国石化西北油田分公司石油工程技术研究院,新疆乌鲁木齐市830011 [2]中国石化缝洞型油藏提高采收率重点实验室 [3]东北石油大学

出　　处：《石油机械》2020年第9期8-14,共7页China Petroleum Machinery

基　　金：国家科技重大专项“大型油气田及煤层气开发”之子课题“海相碳酸盐岩超深油气井关键工程技术”(2017ZX05005-005)。

摘　　要：在钻井过程中,正确选择钻头类型是提高钻井速度、降低钻井成本的关键。针对钻头选型过程的复杂性和不确定性,为了更好地优选出与地层相匹配的高效、经济的钻头,提出了基于改进的主成分分析法的钻头优选模型。该模型对传统主成分分析评价方法中数据无量纲化、数据线性化和权重确定3个核心环节进行改进,通过均值化和对数中心化方法改进原始数据的特征提取能力,借助熵权法求取主成分的客观权重。利用改进后的钻头优选模型对顺北油田某井待选的12只钻头进行了选型计算。现场应用结果表明,该方法对原始信息特征提取度提高了6%,降维效果明显,保留了原始数据91.7%的信息,并且优选结果与现场实际使用结果一致。优选出的钻头在钻进过程中平均机械钻速大大提高,纯钻进时间延长。研究结果为该油田高效钻井施工提供了重要的技术支撑。In the process of drilling,the correct choice of drill bit type is the key to improve the rate of penetration(ROP)and reduce the drilling cost.In view of the complexity and uncertainty in the process of bit type selection,a bit selection model based on improved principal component analysis was proposed in order to better select an efficient and economical bit that is suitable for the formation.In this model,three core links of traditional principal component analysis and evaluation method(i.e.,data dimensionless,data linearization and weight determination)are upgraded,the feature extraction capability of original data is improved by virtue of equalization and logarithm centralization,and the objective weight of principal component is calculated by means of entropy weight method.Then,the improved bit selection model was applied to 12 bits to be selected for a well in Shunbei Oilfield.The field application results show that the feature extraction degree of the original information is improved by 6%,the dimension reduction effect is remarkable,91.7%of the original information is retained,and the selection results are consistent with the field application results.The average ROP and net drilling time of the selected bits are improved greatly.The research results provide important technical support for the efficient drilling operation in Shunbei Oilfield.

关 键 词：钻头 主成分分析 均值化 对数中心化 熵权 

分 类 号：TE921[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]