国家边防视阈下清朝西南边境土司的情报职能  

The Intelligence Function of Tusi in the Southwest Border of Qing Dynasty from the Perspective of National Border Defense

作　　者：马亚辉[1] MA Ya-hui(History Teaching and Research Office,Baise University,Baise,Guangxi 533000,China)

机构地区：[1]百色学院历史学教研室,广西百色533000

出　　处：《贵州民族研究》2020年第8期137-144,共8页Guizhou Ethnic Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金西部项目“清代西南边境管理研究”(项目编号:18XZS039)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：清朝西南边境的土司作为国之藩篱,负有边境管理及国家边防之责,搜集边防情报是西南边境土司的一项重要的边防职能,但西南边境土司参与情报活动是一个渐进的历史过程,约在乾隆二十年前后,西南边境土司才开始为清朝政府频繁搜集情报,并在乾隆中后期参与了密集、持久、激烈的情报战和反情报战。从整个清代来看,清朝西南边境的情报活动,以乾隆时期最为精彩,其中又以乾隆中后期清缅边境最为出色。此外,清朝政府对西南边境土司获取的情报进行研判,但情报研判时间过于漫长,影响情报使用者的及时决策。因为西南边境土司的利益与国家利益融为一体,所以表现出对清朝的高度认同,积极为清朝政府搜集情报,为守护西南边境做出了重要贡献。The Tusi of the southwest border of Qing Dynasty,as a national fence,was responsible for border management and national border defense,so collecting border defense intelligence was an important border defense function of the Tusi of the southwest border.However,it was a gradual historical process for the Tusi of the southwest border to participate in intelligence activities.About 20 years of Qianlong,the Tusi of the southwest border began to collect intelligence frequently for the Qing government,and began to collect intelligence in Qianlong In the middle and later period and participated in intensive,lasting and intense intelligence war and anti intelligence war.From the perspective of the whole Qing Dynasty,the intelligence activities of the Qianlong period in the southwest border of the Qing Dynasty are the most brilliant,among which the intelligence activities of the middle and late Qianlong period are the most outstanding.In addition,the Qing government studied and judged the intelligence obtained by Tusi of the southwest border,but the time of intelligence research and judgment was so long that which affected the timely decision-making of intelligence users.Because the interests of the Tusi in the southwest border were integrated with the national interests,they showed a high recognition to the Qing Dynasty,so actively collected intelligence for the Qing government,and made an important contribution to safeguarding the southwest border.

关 键 词：国家边防 情报 清朝 西南边境土司 

分 类 号：D621[政治法律—政治学]