植物抗病性与病害绿色防控:主要科学问题及未来研究方向  

Plant Disease Resistance and Disease Green Prevention and Control:Major Scientific Issues and Future Research Directions

作　　者：王晓杰[1] 甘鹏飞 汤春蕾[1] 康振生[1] Wang Xiaojie;Gan Pengfei;Tang Chunlei;Kang Zhensheng(State Key Laloratory of Crop Sress Biology for Arid Areas/Collge of Plant Protection,Northtwest A&F University,Yangling 712100)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学植物保护学院/旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室,杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国科学基金》2020年第4期381-392,共12页Bulletin of National Natural Science Foundation of China

摘　　要：粮食安全始终是关系我国国民经济发展、社会稳定和国家自立的全局性重大战略问题,而病害一直是作物优质高产的重要制约因素。全球气候和耕作制度变化,导致病害的发生规律发生新变化,危害趋势愈来愈重。通过抗病育种提高农作物对病原物的抗性是实施病害的绿色防控的重要策略。但培育广谱持久抗性的作物品种具有挑战性,一方面需要不断挖掘新的抗病资源、深入研究抗病机理;另一方面需要突破单要素思维,系统认知病原物—寄主—环境三者之间的关系,剖析病害发生发展过程中复杂的分子互作机制。利用基因编辑、标记辅助基因聚合等新技术,将新成果应用于新品种的设计选育和抗病品种的合理布局,结合病害预测预报、生态调控、农业措施等实现病害有效防控,达到病害绿色防控的目的。Food security has always been a major strategic issue concerning China’s national economic development,social stability,and national independence,but for a long time,diseases have been an important factor restricting the quality and high yield of crops.Changes in global climate and farming systems have led to new transformations in the occurrence of diseases,and the damage trend is becoming more and more serious.It is an important strategy to improving the resistance of crops to pathogens through disease resistance breeding for green prevention and control of diseases.However,it is a challenge to cultivate crop varieties with broad-spectrum persistent resistance.On the one hand,it is necessary to continuously explore new disease resistant resources and deeply study the disease resistance mechanism.On the other hand,it is of great importance to break through the single-factor thinking,systematically recognize the relationship among pathogen,host and environment,and deeply analyze the complex interaction mechanism and molecular immune mechanism of crops in the process of disease occurrence and development.By using new technologies such as gene editing and marker-assisted gene pyramiding,the new achievements are applied to the design and breeding of new varieties and the rational distribution of disease-resistant varieties.And the disease can be effectively prevented and controlled,and the goal of green disease prevention and control can be achieved by combining with disease prediction,ecological regulation,agricultural measures and so on.

关 键 词：作物病害 抗病资源 抗病机理 抗病基因布局 绿色防控 

分 类 号：S432.1[农业科学—植物病理学]