不同肥料处理下八角叶挥发油和化学成分含量的季节变化  

Seasonal variation of contents of essential oil and chemical composition in Illicium verum leaves under different fertilizer treatments

作　　者：黄开顺[1] 曾祥艳[1] 李宝财[1] 杨卓颖 梁文汇[1] Huang Kaishun;Zeng Xiangyan;Li Baocai;Yang Zhuoying;Liang Wenhui(Guangxi Forestry Research Institute,Research center of Anise&Cinnamon Technology of State Forestry and Grassland Administration,Guangxi Engineering and Technology Research Center for Woody Spices,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Characteristic Non-wood Forest Cultivation&Utilization,Nanning Guangxi 530002,China)

机构地区：[1]广西林业科学研究院·国家林业和草原局八角肉桂工程技术研究中心·广西木本香料工程技术研究中心·广西特色经济林培育与利用重点实验室,广西南宁530002

出　　处：《南方林业科学》2020年第4期4-10,共7页South China Forestry Science

基　　金：广西重点研发计划(项目编号:桂科AB1850014);广西林业科技项目(桂林科研[2015]41号);广西特色经济林培育与利用重点实验室自主课题(项目编号:19-A-01-04)。

摘　　要：本文利用N、P、K和B元素配方肥料进行八角施肥试验,研究八角叶片中挥发油及其主要化学成分含量的施肥响应及季节变化,结果表明:春末5月下旬八角叶挥发油含量达到高峰,以N 100 g、P 120 g、K 50 g和B 6 g组成的配方肥料(N2P3K1B2)综合效果最好,既能促进挥发油含量上升,又同时提升反式茴香脑相对含量和降低顺式茴香脑相对含量,在实际栽培生产中可采用此类高磷量和中、低氮量、钾量和硼量的配比肥料,促进挥发油及反式茴香脑的形成与积累,提升八角茴香油品质。秋季10月下旬八角叶草蒿脑相对含量达到高峰,以N 200 g、P 120 g、K 100 g和B 3 g组成高氮磷、中低钾硼的配方肥料(N3P3K2B1)效果最好,在实际栽培生产中可提前于夏季7月施用此肥,秋季10月采收枝叶制取草蒿脑。In this paper,formula fertilizer of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and boron element were used to fertilizing test for Illicium verum Hook.f..The seasonal variation and fertilization effect of contents of essential oil and its chemical composition in I.verum leaves were studied.Results showed that content of essential oil in I.verum leaves reached peak in late May of spring.The best comprehensive effect was the formula fertilizer which was composed of 100 g nitrogen,120 g phosphorus,50 g potassium and 6 g boron(N2P3K1B2).It can not only increase the content of essential oil,but also increase the trans-anethole relative contents and decrease the cis-Anethole relative contents.This kind of fertilizer with high phosphorus content and medium and low nitrogen,potassium and boron content can be used in actual cultivation,in order to promote the formation and accumulation of essential oil and trans-anethole,and improve the quality of I.verum oil.The estragole relative contents reached peak in late October of autumn,the formula fertilizer with high nitrogen,phosphorus and low potassium,boron content has a best effect,which was composed of 200 g nitrogen,120 g phosphorus,100 g potassium and 3 g boron(N3P3K2B1).In the actual cultivation production,this fertilizer can be applied in advance in summer July,and collecting I.verum leaves to extract estragole in October of autumn.

关 键 词：配方肥料 八角叶 挥发油 化学成分 季节变化 

分 类 号：S725.5[农业科学—林木遗传育种] S573.1[农业科学—林学]