WACM4.0模型模拟内蒙古河套地区山水林田湖草系统水循环  

Simulation of hydrological cycle for mountain-water-forest-cropland-lakegrass system in Hetao region,Inner Mongolia of China by WACM4.0 model

作　　者：毕彦杰 赵晶[1] 张文鸽 赵勇[2] Bi Yanjie;Zhao Jing;Zhang Wenge;Zhao Yong(College of Water Resources,North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou 450046,China;State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,Yellow River Conservancy Commission,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]华北水利水电大学,水资源学院,郑州450046 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院,流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038 [3]黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院,郑州450003

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2020年第14期148-158,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0401407,2017YFC1502405,2017YFC0405805-03);华北水利水电大学高层次人才科研基金(201702016)。

摘　　要：内蒙古河套地区是中国重要的商品粮、油生产基地。区域内耕地密布,长期大规模河道外引水,引排水渠系纵横交错,人类活动剧烈,改变了原来的水循环环境,水循环要素变化具有时空变异性,水分转化与运动过程及其复杂。为厘清河套地区山水林田湖草系统的水循环演变规律,该研究在"自然—人工"复合水循环理论基础上,构建了适用于强人类活动地区的分布式水循环模型(Water Allocation and Cycle Model,WACM4.0),系统模拟分析了河套地区山水林田湖草各系统的水循环演变规律与水分运动过程。结果表明:乌梁素海、引排水渠道水循环特征以引水—排水的横向运动为主;乌海滩涂水循环特征以地下水补给—蒸发的垂向运动为主;海子水循环以垂向与横向综合运动为主;耕地水循环特征为灌溉水入渗—蒸散发的垂向运动;人工林、草地、未利用地与居工地的水循环特征为降雨—入渗—潜水蒸发的垂向运动。山水林田湖草系统整体水循环特征以灌溉(降雨)—下渗—蒸发垂向水循环为主。河套地区地下水量逐年亏损,地下水循环过程为"负水平衡"垂向运动。河套地区引水灌溉平均每年致使黄河径流量减少约42.0亿m^3。其中耕地耗黄水量最多,其次为引水渠道、乌梁素海、排水渠道、海子、草地。研究可为河套地区灌溉管理、水资源开发利用与山水林田湖草生态保护提供基础支撑。Hetao region is an important production base of commodity grain and oil crops in China.The large-scale water transferred from outside the river in a long term has resulted in the most headraces and drainage system,covering many cultivated lands in this region.However,human activities have posed a great change on the original hydrological cycle and the natural environment.Some spatio-temporal features,and the process of water conversion and movement are extremely complicated,due to the variation of hydrological cycle elements.In this study,a Water Allocation and Cycle Model(WACM4.0)was constructed suitable for the regions with strong human activities based on the"natural-artificial"composite water cycle theory.The WACM4.0 model was applied to simulate the evolution law and characteristic of hydrological cycle of each mountain-water-forest-cropland-lake-grass system in Hetao region.The main findings are as follows:In the hydrological cycle process,1)the Wuliangsuhai was mainly characterized by lateral movement of water diversion and drainage,2)the Wuhai mudflat was the vertical movement of groundwater recharge-evaporation,3)Haizi region was dominated by vertical and horizontal comprehensive movement characteristics,4)the cultivated land was the vertical movement characteristics of irrigation water infiltration-evapotranspiration,5)the planted forest,grassland,unutilized land,and construction sites were the vertical movement characteristics of rainfall-infiltration-phreatic water evaporation,6)the drainage and channels were drainage water-lateral movement characteristics of drainage water,and 7)the overall system of mountain-water-forest-cropland-lake-grass was the vertical water cycle of irrigation(precipitation)-infiltration-evaporation.The amount of groundwater in Hetao region has been losing year by year,indicating the characteristic of“negative water balance”vertical movement in the circulation process.Specifically,the water from the Yellow River entered the cropland through water diversion channels,leading

关 键 词：水循环 水均衡 WACM模型 山水林田湖草 河套地区 

分 类 号：P339[天文地球—水文科学]