国际人权标准--西方的还是世界的  

International Human Rights Standards:Western or Universal

作　　者：孙世彦[1] Sun Shiyan

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院国际法研究所

出　　处：《人权研究》2020年第1期60-73,共14页Chinese Journal of Human Rights

摘　　要：国际人权标准经常被自觉或不自觉地当成西方人权标准或主要反映了西方人权标准。以《世界人权宣言》和《公民及政治权利国际公约》为代表的国际人权标准的形成过程表明,非西方国家广泛参与了国际人权标准的制定过程,贡献了自己的人权智慧和方案,这些标准是不同人权观念和标准交融的结果。而消除种族歧视被纳入国际人权标准的事实则证明,非西方国家甚至能够就某些事项主导国际人权议程,弥补西方人权历史的缺陷。此外,批准核心国际人权公约的状况也说明,广大非西方国家自愿地接受了其中所载的国际人权标准。纵观国际人权标准的形成和接受过程,尽管不能否认西方国家对当代国际人权标准的重大影响,但作为整体的国际人权标准因其合理性而得到了普遍认同和接受,并因此具有相当大的包容性和普遍性,是人类文明的共同成果。因此,国际人权标准不是“西方的”,而是“世界的”,是属于每一个人的。International human rights standards are often,consciously or unconsciously,regarded as Western human rights standards or predominantly reflect Western human rights standards.The formation of international human rights standards,represented by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,shows that non-Western countries have extensively participated in the drafting process and contributed their human rights wisdom and programs;these standards are the results of the interactions of different human rights notions and standards.The inclusion of the elimination of racial discrimination in international human rights standards shows that non-Western countries have even been able to dominate the international human rights agenda regarding certain matters and repair the defects of the Western human rights history.The ratification records of core international human rights treaties show that vast majority of non-Western countries have voluntarily accepted the international human rights standards contained therein.It is undeniable that the West has had great influence on the contemporary international human rights standards.Nevertheless,as a common achievement of human civilizations,international human rights standards as a whole have been generally recognized and accepted because of their legitimacy,and therefore represent considerable inclusiveness and universality.As a result,international human rights standards are not“Western”,but“of and for the world”,belonging to everyone.

关 键 词：国际人权标准 世界人权宣言 人权公约 种族歧视 人权的普遍性 

分 类 号：D815.7[政治法律—国际关系]