附缀的分布与黏着性  

The Distribution and Boundness of Bound Function Forms

作　　者：陆丙甫 完权[2] LU Bing-fu;WAN Quan

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学语言学系,北京100083 [2]中国社会科学院语言研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《解放军外国语学院学报》2020年第4期44-52,160,F0003,共11页Journal of PLA University of Foreign Languages

摘　　要：形态类型学根据黏着功能成分(bound function form),即"附缀"的使用情况,把语言分成孤立语、黏着语、屈折语和复综语。附缀的分类比较混乱。本文指出,作为语法分析,这些成分的分析跟实词无异,首先应该根据分布,主要就是其所依附的对象(宿主)的句法性质,可分为"词缀"和"语缀"。其次就是根据跟宿主的相对位置分为前置性附缀和后置性附缀。至于传统上认为对附缀分类也很重要的黏着性大小,其实是分布不同所导致的派生现象,可从分布差异上推导出来,而且很大程度上还受到一些非句法因素的制约。Morphological typology divides languages into isolating,agglutinative,inflectional and polysynthetic languages,based on the use of bound function form.But the classification of bound function forms is rather confusing.This article points out that as a grammatical analysis,the analysis of bound function forms is no different from that of content words,i.e.their distribution.First,they should be divided into word-affixes and phrase-affixes,according to the syntactic nature of their hosts.Secondly,according to the relative position with the host,bound function forms are divided into prepositive and postpositive.As for the degree of adhesion,which is traditionally considered important to the classification of bound function forms,it is actually a derivative phenomenon caused by their distribution,and to a large extent is restricted by some non-syntactic factors.

关 键 词：词缀 语缀 附缀 分布 黏着性 

分 类 号：H146.1[语言文字—汉语]