违约方合同解除权质疑与替代性框架的构建--兼评《民法典》第580条  

The Question of the Breach Party's Right to Release and the Construction of an Alternative Framework--Comments on the Second Paragraph of Article 580 of the Civil Code

作　　者：时明涛 SHI Ming-tao(Guanghua Law School,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310008,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学光华法学院,浙江杭州310008

出　　处：《烟台大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第5期21-34,共14页Journal of Yantai University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：无论从司法实务中的需求﹑解除权的基本原理还是比较法上的立法例来看,赋予违约方合同解除权均显得理据不足。可能的解决方案为,从《民法典》第580条第1款的规定出发,区分履行不能是否系由违约行为所致。在非因违约行为导致履行不能的场合,解释上应认为给付与对待给付义务自动消灭,合同进入事实上的清算关系。在因违约行为所致履行不能的场合,履行请求权亦自动消灭,非违约方可以选择解除合同或要求违约方负替代给付的损害赔偿责任。在守约方怠于行使解除权的场合,应当承担解除权消灭﹑自担损害等不利后果。Whether from the needs of judicial practice, the basic principles of the right of rescission or comparative legislation, it seems that there is insufficient justification to grant the party in breach of contract the right of rescission. The second paragraph of article 580 of the civil code is not only difficult to achieve legislative purposes, but also easy to lead to abuse of the right of rescission, malicious breach of contract and inefficiency. The possible solution at this stage is to distinguish whether the failure of performance is caused by breach of contract from the provisions of article 580, paragraph 1, of the civil code. In the case of non-performance due to non-breach of contract, it should be interpreted that the obligation of payment and treatment will be automatically eliminated and the contract will enter into a de facto liquidation relationship. In the case of non-performance due to breach of contract, the right of performance claim is automatically extinguished. The non-breaching party may choose to terminate the contract or ask the breaching party to bear the liability of compensation for damages in lieu of payment. When the party who abides by the contract neglects to exercise the right of rescission, it should bear the adverse consequences such as the extinction of the right of rescission and the self-sustaining damage.

关 键 词：民法典 恶意违约 解除权 履行不能 履行费用过高 损害赔偿 

分 类 号：D923.6[政治法律—民商法学]