基于超导探测器的白天卫星激光测距试验与研究  

Superconductivity detector applied to daytime satellite laser ranging experiment and research

作　　者：李祝莲[1] 翟东升[1] 张海涛[1] 皮晓宇 伏红林[1] 李荣旺[1] 李鹏飞[1,2] 张蜡宝 李语强[1] Li Zhulian;Zhai Dongsheng;Zhang Haitao;Pi Xiaoyu;Fu Honglin;Li Rongwang;Li Pengfei;Zhang Labao;Li Yuqiang(Yunnan Observatories,Chinese Academy of Science,Kunming 650216,China;University of Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100049,China;School of Electronic Science and Engineering,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院云南天文台,云南昆明650216 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]南京大学电子科学与工程学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《红外与激光工程》2020年第8期119-124,共6页Infrared and Laser Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U1431116,U1731112);中国科学院重大科研装备研制项目(ZDYZ2013-2);中国科学院青年创新促进优秀会员(Y201817)。

摘　　要：超导纳米线单光子探测器是一种新型的单光子探测器,灵敏度高、暗计数低且可工作于恒流模式,对1064 nm波长激光具有较高的探测效率。将该探测器应用于夜间卫星和空间碎片激光测距试验,获得了较好的观测结果。为了使超导探测器的优点在空间目标激光测距中得到充分的应用,通过卫星白天激光测距观测试验以及对白天天空背景光实际响应输出测量等方法,研究分析了超导探测器应用于白天激光测距的可行性。在日落前测到了约20000 km距离的导航卫星glonass134以及低轨卫星hy2a;实际白天天空背景光测量时,单光子超导探测器最高计数输出可达到约2 MHz。结果表明,使用超导单光子探测器作为回波探测器可实现高性能和高效率的白天激光测距系统。As a novel single photon detector,the superconducting nanowire single photon detector can work in constant current mode with high sensitivities,low dark counts,and high detecting efficiencies for 1064 nm wavelength laser.Applying the detector to satellites with retroreflectors and space debris without any retroreflector laser ranging experiments in nighttime,a set of good observing data was obtained.To make advantages of this detector in space target laser ranging,the feasibility of employing it to daylight laser ranging system was studied and analyzed through the daytime laser ranging experiment and the actual response output measurement for daytime sky background light.The navigation satellite glonass134(~20000 km)and the loworbit satellite hy2 a were measured before sunset;the maximum counts output of the single-photon superconducting detector could reach up to 2 MHz during the actual daytime sky background light measurement.The results show that using the superconducting single photon detector as echo detector can realize a high performance and high efficiency daytime laser ranging system.

关 键 词：测量与计量 激光测距 超导单光探测器 白天激光测距 

分 类 号：P171.3[天文地球—天文学]