语言单位的静态预设和动态预设  

Static and Dynamic Presets for Language Units

作　　者：段益民 DUAN Yi-min(South China Institute of Software Engineering,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510990,China)

机构地区：[1]广州大学华软软件学院基础部,广东广州510990

出　　处：《通化师范学院学报》2020年第9期51-56,共6页Journal of Tonghua Normal University

摘　　要：预设是言语中没有直接表达出来但可以理解的前提,预设既涉及到逻辑学也涉及到语言学。从逻辑学来看,预设主要涉及到话语的语形要素;从语言学来看,除语形外,预设还涉及到语境和语用。对语形、语境、语用要素的综合理解,是准确理解语义的前提。同一话语结构在逻辑和语言中表示不同的单位,如语言的静态构件(词和短语)往往对应于逻辑的“概念”;语言的动态构件(单句和复句)往往对应于逻辑的“命题”。因而,从静态构件和动态构件探讨预设的表现方式,具有逻辑学和语言学的双重意义。Presets are the assumptions in the language that must be understood without expressing explicitly.Presets involve in both logics and linguistics.From the logics’perspective,presets mainly involve in the morphological elements of the language.From the linguistics'perspective,other than the morphological elements,presets also involve in context and pragmatics.Having a comprehensive understanding to morphological elements,context,and pragmatics is the premise for accurate understanding in presets.Same language structure can refer to different meanings in the logics and linguistics,for example,the static elements in a language(e.g.,words and phrases)often refer to the"concept"in logics.The dynamic elements in a language(e.g.,single and complex sentences)often refer to the"theme"in logics.Hence,it is meaningful to investigate the presets from both the static and dynamic perspectives.

关 键 词：语言单位 静态预设 动态预设 

分 类 号：H04[语言文字—语言学]