蚯蚓活动对秦岭天然林林地土壤养分的影响  

Effects of Earthworm Activities on Soil Nutrients in Forest Lands of the Qinling Mountains

作　　者：董振洁 张东宏 杨圆圆 侯琳[1,2] 张胜利 Dong Zhenjie;Zhang Donghong;Yang Yuanyuan;Hou Lin;Zhang Shengli(College of Forestry,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China;Qinling National Forest Ecosystem Research Station,Ankang Shaanxi 711603,China;College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]陕西秦岭森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,陕西安康711603 [3]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西南林业大学学报（自然科学）》2020年第5期100-107,共8页Journal of Southwest Forestry University：Natural Sciences

基　　金：国家林业科技创新项目(No.2017YFD0600504-2)资助。

摘　　要：为探讨蚯蚓活动对秦岭山地森林土壤碳氮的影响,明确蚯蚓与土壤养分循环的关系。采取野外调查和室内微宇宙试验相结合的方法,以陕西秦岭锐齿栎、油松、松栎混交林3种典型林分作为研究对象,设置接种蚯蚓(E)和无蚯蚓(ck)2种处理,每种处理3个重复,在试验开始后第5、10、20、35、60天采集土样,测定并分析土壤有机碳、全氮、硝态氮、铵态氮含量以及净氮矿化速率。结果表明:赤子爱胜蚓通过自身活动,显著提高了3种林分土壤中有机碳、全氮含量;土壤有机碳最大增加量为:锐齿栎7.74 g/kg,油松3.1 g/kg,松栎混交林2.01 g/kg;土壤全氮最大增加量为:锐齿栎0.77 g/kg,油松0.15 g/kg,松栎混交林0.1 g/kg,维持了C/N的稳定性。蚯蚓通过对凋落物的取食及自身的分解转化,显著提高了森林土壤中硝态氮、无机态氮及净氮矿化速率;3种林分土壤的最大净氮矿化速率为:锐齿栎3.91 mg/(kg·d),油松2.39 mg/(kg·d),松栎混交林2.72mg/(kg·d)。可见,蚯蚓可显著提高土壤碳氮含量,并加速土壤氮的矿化速率,对土壤养分的循环有一定的促进作用。The effects of earthworm activities on carbon and nitrogen in forest soils of Qinling Mountains were tested to clarify the relationship between earthworm and soil nutrient cycling.Based on the investigations in the field,we conducted a microcosm experiment with Eisenia foetida earthworm and 3 stands(Quercus aliena var.acutesrrata,Pinus tabulaefomis and pine-oak mixed forest)in the Qinling Moutains.The study was set up with 2 treatments:earthworm(E)and no earthworm(CK),3 replicates per treatment.Soil samples were collected on the 5th,10th,20th,35th and 60th day after inoculation.The soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen content and net nitrogen mineralization rate were determined and analyzed to explore the effects of earthworm activities on soil nutrients.The results show that Eisenia foetida earthworm significantly increased the content of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in the 3 stands through its own activities.The maximum increase of soil organic carbon was:Q.aliena var.acutessera 7.74 g/kg,P.tabuliformis 3.1 g/kg,pine-oak mixed forest 2.01 g/kg,and the maximum increase of total nitrogen in soil was:Q.aliena var.acutessera 0.77 g/kg,P.tabuliformis 0.15 g/kg,pine-oak mixed forest 0.1 g/kg,and maintained the stability of C/N.The content of NH4+-N,NO3--N and the mineralization rate of net nitrogen was significantly increased through feeding on litter and decomposition of earthworm.The maximum net nitrogen mineralization rates of the 3 stands were:Q.aliena var.acutessera 3.91 mg/(kg·d),P.tabuliformis 2.39 mg/(kg·d),pine-oak mixed forest 2.72 mg/(kg·d).This study shows that earthworm can significantly increase soil organic carbon,total nitrogen and accelerate the mineralization rate of soil nitrogen,which can promote the circulation of soil nutrients.

关 键 词：赤子爱胜蚓 土壤养分 氮矿化 秦岭 

分 类 号：S714.3[农业科学—林学]