宇文氏祖炎帝考——补论西魏周制改革的历史意义  

The Family Name of Yuwen宇文and Yan Di炎帝:The Historical Significance of the Western Wei’s Reform of Imitating Zhou周System

作　　者：苏航[1] Su Hang

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所民族历史研究室,北京市100081

出　　处：《民族研究》2020年第3期90-99,M0004,共11页Ethno-National Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金专项研究项目“历史经验与铸牢中华民族共同意识——中华民族共同体的形成和发展研究”(项目编号:20VMZ001)的研究成果之一。

摘　　要：宇文氏在北魏时本祖黄帝,至西魏改祖炎帝,但在其家族内部仍然保留着追祖黄帝的传统。宇文泰改祖炎帝是西魏以周自喻的周制改革中的重要一环,其目的是通过西魏皇室与权臣的分祖黄、炎,模拟两周开国之际的君臣模式,为西魏继周承命、再造中华的正统形象增加一核心象征符号,同时或许也有迎合六镇人群当中“代魏者齐”的政治谶言的目的。西魏周制改革的另一效果是在当时的普改胡姓与周朝的分土建氏之间建立起了形式上的关联,从而促进了鲜卑正统与华夏正统的交融互嵌,暂时缓解了胡汉文化之间的矛盾。In the period of the Western Wei dynasty,the Yuwens esteemed Yan Di as their origin,while some of them kept the tradition from the Northern Wei dynasty when the family esteemed Huang Di黄帝as the ancestor.The change made by Yuwen Tai宇文泰was an important part of the Western Wei’s reform of imitating Zhou and its system.The royal family of the Western Wei Dynasty regarded Huang Di as the ancestor,while Yuwen family,regarded Yan Di as the ancester,and therefore the model of the Zhou Dynasty’s first emperor and his chancellors was represented.The imagination was one of the key symbols of constructing legality that the Western Wei got the tianming天命(literally,heavenly mandate)from the Zhou and would rebuild Zhonghua中华order.Moreover,Yan Di as ancestor was conducive for the explanation of the political prognostication prevailing among the people of Liu Zhen六镇(Six Military Towns)that“the Qi齐will replace the Wei魏as ruler”.The reform also made a formal connection between renaming most noble families,and giving nobles lands and names of Zhou Dynasty,which was helpful for the integration between the Xianbei鲜卑and Huaxia华夏orthodox reigns and meanwhile smoothed the conflicts between the Hu胡and Han cultures.

关 键 词：宇文 炎帝 西魏 周制改革 

分 类 号：K87[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]