黔西北典型铅锌矿区土壤重金属污染特征及其来源分析  

Pollution Characteristics and Source Analysis of Heavy Metals in Soils of Typical Lead-zinc Mining Areas in Northwest Guizhou,China

作　　者：冯乾伟 王兵 马先杰[1] 蒋宗宏 陈淼 FENG Qian-wei;WANG Bing;MA Xian-jie;JIANG Zong-hong;CHEN Miao(College of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment,Ministry of Education,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Guizhou Karst Environmental Ecosystems Observation and Research Station,Ministry of Education,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学资源与环境工程学院,贵阳550025 [2]贵州大学喀斯特地质资源与环境教育部重点实验室,贵阳550025 [3]贵州喀斯特环境生态系统教育部野外科学观测研究站,贵阳550025

出　　处：《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2020年第4期863-870,共8页Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合LH字[2017]7291号);贵州大学引进人才科研项目(贵大人基合字(2015)60号)。

摘　　要：研究矿区周边土壤重金属污染状况及其来源对土壤污染治理具有重要意义。本文以黔西北玉兰、永昌和杉树林铅锌矿周边农田土壤为研究对象,测定了土壤中的Pb、Zn、Ni、Cd、Cr、As、Hg和Cu含量,采用单因子污染指数、内梅罗综合污染指数和潜在生态风险指数评价了重金属污染状况,并结合多元统计分析探讨重金属的来源。结果表明,玉兰和永昌矿区Pb、Zn、Cd和Cu为重度污染,杉树林矿区Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg和As为重度污染,其余重金属为轻度或无污染,综合污染指数显示3个矿区均属重度污染。潜在生态风险指数表明玉兰和永昌矿区Cd、Hg和Pb及杉树林矿区Cd、Hg、Pb和As为中度或以上生态风险,其余重金属为低生态风险,综合生态风险指数显示玉兰和杉树林为极高生态风险,永昌为高生态风险。主成分分析表明,Pb、Zn、Hg、As和Cd主要源于矿山开采等人为活动,Ni和Cr主要源于成土母质,Cu污染是采矿作业和农业活动共同作用的结果。Exploring pollution statuses and potential sources of heavy metals in soils around mining areas is of great significance for the soil pollution control in mining areas.In this paper,contents of Pb,Zn,Ni,Cd,Cr,As,Hg and Cu were determined in farmland soils around Yulan,Yongchang and Shanshulin lead-zinc mines in northwestern Guizhou.Pollution statuses of heavy metals were assessed by methods of single factor pollution index,Nemerow pollution index and potential ecological risk index,and sources of heavy metals were explored with multivariate statistical analyses.The results suggested that Yulan and Yongchang mining areas were heavily polluted by Pb,Zn,Cd,and Cu;the Shanshulin mining area was heavily polluted by Pb,Zn,Cd,Hg,and As;other heavy metals were either lightly polluted or unpolluted.Results of the comprehensive pollution index method showed that all three mining areas were heavily polluted.Results of the potential ecological risk index method indicated that ecological risks of Cd,Hg and Pb in Yulan and Yongchang mining areas were moderate or above moderate,and ecological risks of Cd,Hg,Pb and As in Shanshulin were moderate or above moderate,while other heavy metals were at low ecological risks.Results of the comprehensive ecological risk index method showed that the ecological risk was extremely high at Yulan and Shanshulin and was high at Yongchang.According to the principal component analysis,Pb,Zn,Hg,As,and Cd mainly originated from human activities,such as mining,Ni and Cr mainlyoriginated from soil parent materials,and Cu was resulted from mining operations and agricultural activities.

关 键 词：铅锌矿 土壤 重金属 风险评价 来源分析 

分 类 号：P595[天文地球—地球化学]