“人造石油”与天然石油  

"Synthetic Oil"and Natural Oil

作　　者：关德范[1] Guan Defan(SINOPEC Exploration&Production Research Institute,Beijing 100083)

机构地区：[1]中国石化石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《中外能源》2020年第8期1-8,共8页Sino-Global Energy

摘　　要：运用油页岩干馏炼油工艺,使油页岩所含有的干酪根全部热解生成石油,这种石油称之为"人造石油"。在此基础上,欧洲有机化学家提出了干酪根热降解生油学说,奠定了"人造石油"的理论基础。"人造石油"的生产是有机化学反应过程,完全由人为操作控制完成。油页岩干馏分为地上干馏和地下原位干馏。天然石油是指烃源岩含有的干酪根在地下地质条件下热解生成的石油。如果烃源岩是在海相沉积环境中形成的,则生成的石油称之为海相石油;如果烃源岩是在陆相沉积环境中形成的,则生成的石油称之为陆相石油。不管是海相石油还是陆相石油,其沉积环境都是咸水或半咸水,其有机物主要来源也都是咸水、半咸水环境中发育的浮游藻类。用"人造石油"的理论干酪根热降解生油学说,去研究天然石油问题,是把有机化学和有机地球化学混为一谈,是错误的。美国古生代页岩油气之所以丰富,是由全球独一无二的地质条件决定的,中国不具备这种地质条件,因此中国的页岩油气并不丰富。The oil shale dry distillation process is used to pyrolyze all the kerogen contained in the oil shale to produce oil,which is called"synthetic oil".On this basis,European organic chemists put forward the theory of thermal degradation of kerogen generating oil,which lays the theoretical foundation for"synthetic oil".The production of"synthetic oil"is an organic chemical reaction process,which is completely controlled by human operations.Oil shale dry distillation is divided into dry distillation above ground and in-situ dry distillation underground.The"synthetic oil"produced by the in-situ dry distillation underground of oil shale not only is impossible to solve the problem of insufficient replacement resources for China′s oil,but also results in the pollution of underground water and environment unable to recovery in large area of China.Natural oil refers to the petroleum produced by pyrolysis of kerogen in source rocks under underground geological conditions.If the source rock is formed in a marine sedimentary environment,the generated oil is called marine oil;if the source rock is formed in a terrestrial sedimentary environment,the generated oil is called continental oil.Regardless of whether it is marine oil or continental oil,the sedimentary environment is salt water or brackish water,and the main source of organic matter is the planktonic algae developed in salt water and brackish water environment.Natural oil is an issue of organic geochemistry research.If the theory of"synthetic oil"that kerogen is thermally degraded to produce oil,is to study the issue of natural oil,organic chemistry is confused with organic geochemistry,which is wrong.The abundant Paleozoic shale oil and gas in the United States is determined by unique geological conditions in the world.China does not have such geological condi-tions,so China is not rich in shale oil and gas.

关 键 词：人造石油 天然石油 干酪根 地下原位干馏 海相石油 陆相石油 页岩油气 

分 类 号：TE667[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程] TE62