森林火烧黑炭对闽楠幼苗生长及林地土壤养分的影响  

Effects of fire-deposited charcoal on Phoebe bournei seedling growth and soil nutrient content

作　　者：张秋霞 吴晓生[2] 严强 林勇辉[2] 刘先 王玉哲 ZHANG Qiuxia;WU Xiaosheng;YAN Qiang;LIN Yonghui;LIU Xian;WANG Yuzhe(College of Forestry,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China;Xiqin Forest Station of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Nanping,Fujian 353001,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学林学院,福建福州350002 [2]福建农林大学西芹教学林场,福建南平353001

出　　处：《森林与环境学报》2020年第5期459-465,共7页Journal of Forest and Environment

基　　金：福建省教育厅中青年教师教育科研项目(JAT170189)。

摘　　要：为研究森林火烧产物黑炭对闽楠幼苗生长的影响,以中亚热带马尾松林采伐迹地炼山后营造的闽楠幼林为研究对象,分析了未炼山(UB)和炼山后不同黑炭处理[移除黑炭(B0)、单倍黑炭(B1)、双倍黑炭(B2)]2 a后闽楠的生长特性(树高、地径、冠幅)和土壤营养元素(常量和微量元素)含量及其相关关系。结果表明:B1处理闽楠树高、地径和冠幅与UB处理样地相比没有显著差异(P>0.05);黑炭对闽楠的生长有显著影响,B2处理闽楠地径显著低于B0处理(P<0.05),不同处理闽楠树高和冠幅没有显著差异(P>0.05)。B2处理土壤pH值显著高于B0和UB处理(P<0.05)。B2处理与B0处理相比,土壤pH值、硝态氮、Ca、Mg、Ca/Al显著升高(P<0.05),铵态氮显著降低(P<0.05)。闽楠地径与土壤铵态氮含量呈显著正相关,与土壤有效态K和Na含量呈显著负相关。研究结果表明森林火烧黑炭对闽楠幼苗树高和冠幅生长没有显著影响,而黑炭输入增加显著抑制闽楠幼苗地径的生长,为完善炼山黑炭在人工林经营中的应用,还需进一步研究黑炭对苗木生长影响的长期效应。Phoebe bournei seedlings were treated with charcoal to investigate the effects of forest fire-produced charcoal on growth.In subtropical China,trees were treated[no charcoal(B0),single-rate input(B1),or double-rate input(B2)]for two years,and the height,ground diameter,and crown width of the trees and the soil nutrient content were analyzed.The unburnt area(created to prevent fire from spreading)was used as the control(UB).No differences were observed in the tree height,ground diameter,and crown width between UB and B1,or in the tree height and crown width among the charcoal treatments.The ground diameter of B2 was significantly smaller than that of B0(P<0.05).The soil pH value,nitrates,Ca,Mg,and Ca/Al levels increased significantly,and the ammonium level decreased significantly in B2 compared to that in B0(P<0.05).The ground diameter was positively correlated with soil ammonium but negatively correlated with soil potassium and sodium.These findings indicate that fire-deposited charcoal influences the ground diameter growth of P.bournei seedlings via the regulation of soil nutrient availability,but does not affect the tree height and crown width.The long-term implications of charcoal on soil nutrient dynamics and seedling growth should be evaluated in the future.

关 键 词：炼山 黑炭 闽楠 幼苗 地径 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S725.4[农业科学—林木遗传育种]