氮肥运筹方式对胡麻干物质积累、产量及氮素吸收转运的影响  

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer management on dry matter accumulation,nitrogen utilization and yield in oilseed flax

作　　者：郭娟娟 董宏伟 崔政军 剡斌[2,3] 高玉红 高珍妮 吴兵[1,2] GUO Juan-juan;DONG Hong-wei;CUI Zheng-jun;YAN bin;GAO Yu-hong;GAO Zhen-ni;WU Bing(College of Life Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid land Crop Science,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Information Sciences and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070 [3]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070 [4]甘肃农业大学信息科学技术学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2020年第4期60-68,共9页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31760363);现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-14-1-16);甘肃农业大学盛彤笙科技创新基金项目(GSAU-STS-1608).

摘　　要：【目的】研究了不同氮肥运筹方式对胡麻干物质、氮素积累转运、胡麻产量和氮肥利用效率的影响,旨在为干旱半干旱地区氮肥运筹方式的优化提供理论依据.【方法】在大田环境下,以不施氮(N0)为副对照.整个生育时期施肥总量为150 kg/hm^2,全部基施(N1)为主对照,分析比较了4种氮肥运筹方式;N2(2/3基肥+1/3现蕾期追肥)、N3(1/2基肥+1/2现蕾期追肥)、N4(1/3基肥+2/3现蕾期追肥)、N5(1/3基肥+1/3分茎期追肥+1/3现蕾期追肥).【结果】采用适宜基追肥运筹氮肥能显著提高胡麻干物质与氮素积累和转运、产量和氮素利用率.追肥可以满足胡麻植株在盛花期吸收氮素高峰的需求,促进了植株对于同化物和氮素的积累能力.其中全生育期干物质和氮素总积累量均为N4、N5较高,且成熟期N5较N0、N1分别显著增加16.3%、5.0%和52.3%、21.5%.营养器官氮素转移量、氮素转移效率和氮肥贡献率均总体表现为随运筹增加而上升的趋势,N3、N5处理下最优,峰值分别为108 kg/hm^2、60.5%和85.7%,氮肥农学利用率和偏生产力在N1、N5处理下较高,N5较N3、N4处理分别增加2.7、2.2 kg/kg和2.7 kg/kg、2.3 kg/kg,但氮肥生理利用率在运筹方式下无明显规律.籽粒产量N5处理下最高为1958.3 kg/hm^2,较不施肥处理(N0)及全部基施(N1)分别显著增产15.1%、5.7%,较其他处理增产5.2%~10.6%.【结论】本试验条件下,基肥50~75 kg/hm^2+现蕾期施肥50~100 kg/hm^2范围内氮肥施量对于胡麻植株生长发育的阶段性统筹效应明显,N5处理(基肥50 kg/hm^2+分茎期追肥50 kg/hm^2+现蕾期追肥50 kg/hm^2)可做为当地胡麻较为适宜的氮肥运筹参考方式.【Objective】In order to find the optimal nitrogen fertilization method and provide theoretical basis for nitrogen optimization in arid and semi-arid regions,the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer management on dry matter accumulation,nitrogen accumulation and translocation,yield and nitrogen use efficiency of oilseed flax were studied.【Method】The nitrogen fertilization amount of 150 kg/ha in whole growth period was used as main control(basic application,N1)and zero nitrogen application as sub-control(N0).The designed treatments were N2(2/3 base fertilizer+1/3 topdressing in squaring stage),N3(1/2 base fertilizer+1/2 topdressing in squaring stage),N4(1/3 base fertilizer+2/3 topdressing in squaring stage)and N5(1/3 base fertilizer+1/3 topdressing in stemming stage+1/3 topdressing in squaring stage).【Result】Results showed that proper application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the yield,dry matter,nitrogen accumulation and transport,and nitrogen utilization of flax.Topdressing could meet the nitrogen demand peak in flowering stage of flax plant,and promote the accumulation of assimilates and nitrogen.The total accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen in whole growth period was higher in N4 and N5 treatments.At the maturity stage,N5 was 16.3%,5.0%and 52.3%,21.5%greater than N0 and N1 respectively.Nitrogen transfer amount,efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer contribution rate of vegetative organs were generally varied with N application time,N3 and N5 were the best,and the peak values were 108 kg/ha,60.5%and 85.7%,respectively.The agronomic utilization rate and partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer were higher under N1 and N5,and N5 was 2.72,2.24 kg/kg and 2.70,2.30 kg/kg higher than N3 and N4 respectively.The highest grain yield was obtained in treatment N5(1958.33 kg/ha),which was increased by 15.13%and 5.72%compared to N0 and N1 respectively.Compared with other treatments,it was increased by 5.15%to 10.61%.【Conclusion】Under this experimental conditions,the application of nitro

关 键 词：胡麻 氮肥运筹 干物质积累 氮素利用 产量 

分 类 号：S565.9[农业科学—作物学]