南宁市社区老年人积极老龄化现状研究  

Study on active aging status quo among community elderly people in Nanning City

作　　者：赵云仙 徐明江[2] 黄益民 覃凤莲 邓菲林 陈沁鸿 黄苏红 ZHAO Yunxian;XU Mingjiang;HUANG Yimin;QIN Fenglian;DENG Feilin;CHEN Qinhong;HUANG Suhong(College of Saiensi New Medicine,Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Nanning,Guangxi 530200,China;Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Nanning,Guangxi 530200,China)

机构地区：[1]广西中医药大学赛恩斯新医药学院,广西南宁530200 [2]广西中医药大学,广西南宁530200

出　　处：《现代医药卫生》2020年第17期2704-2707,2711,共5页Journal of Modern Medicine & Health

基　　金：广西壮族自治区教育厅高校中青年教师基础能力提升项目(2017KY0280);广西高校人文社科重点研究基地(广西中医药大学):中国-东盟传统医药发展研究中心资助课题(0501906411);广西中医药大学校级科研项目(2019QN041);广西中医药大学自治区级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201910600063)。

摘　　要：目的了解南宁市社区老年人积极老龄化现状,为制订相应的干预措施和促进积极老龄化提供参考。方法2019年7-9月采用便利抽样法选取南宁市60岁以上社区老年人作为调查对象。采用自制调查问卷以一问一答的方式由调查员协助老年人填写问卷。共发放调查问卷270份,回收有效问卷252份,有效回收率为93.3%。调查问卷从健康、参与、保障3个维度了解老年人积极老龄化现状。结果(1)健康方面:老年人高血压、骨关节疾病、糖尿病、风湿病等慢性病患病率较高,“带病养老”呈常态;(2)参与方面:老年人日常生活以家庭为中心,社会参与度较低;不同年龄、退休前职业、子女数、老年人对“再就业”态度比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);年龄越小、退休前在企业工作或个体经营者、子女数较少老年人更倾向于“再就业”;(3)保障方面:老年人家庭照料资源短缺、社区照顾能力欠缺、社会保障水平不高。结论老年人健康水平和社会保障水平较低,属家庭照顾型社会参与模式,积极老龄化整体水平不高。建议提升社区卫生服务能力,发挥健康“守门人”作用;提升基层社区治理能力,搭建社会参与平台;提升社会保障水平,完善社区养老服务体系。Objective To understand the current situation of the active aging among the community elderly people in Nanning City to provide reference for formulating the corresponding intervention measures and promoting the active aging.Methods The convenience sampling method was adopted to select the community elderly people aged 60 years old in Nanning City as the respondents from July to September 2019.The self-made questionnaires was adopted.The elderly people filled in the questionnaire under the assistance of the investigator.A total of 270 questionnaires were issued and 252 effective questionnaires were recovered with the effective recovery rate of 93.3%.The questionnaire understood the active aging status quo of elderly people from the 3 dimensions of health,participation and security.Results(1)In the aspect of health:the prevalence rates of chronic diseases such as hypertension,bone and joint diseases,diabetes and rheumatism in the elderly people were high,and the aging with diseases was the normal state;(2)in the aspect of participation:the daily life of the elderly was centered on the family and the social participation was low;the difference in the comparison of different ages,pre-retirement occupations,number of children and the attitude to“re-employment”had statistical significance(P<0.05);the elderly people who were younger,worked in an enterprise before retirement or self-employed,and had fewer children were more likely to“re-employment”;(3)in the aspect of security:the elderly people were lack of family care resources,community care ability deficiency and low level of social security.Conclusion The elderly people have a low level of health and social security,and belong to a family care-based social participation model.The overall level of active aging is not high.It is suggested to elevate the capacity of community health services and give play to the role of health gatekeeper;improve the capacity of grassroots community governance,build a platform for social participation;elevate the level of socia

关 键 词：老年人 社区卫生服务 调查和问卷 积极老龄化 南宁 

分 类 号：R161.7[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]