黄土高原-青藏高原过渡带农户生产系统的能量平衡分析——以“通渭-渭源-夏河”样带为例  

Energy balance analysis of farm production systems in the transitional zone between the Loess Plateau and the Qinghai Tibet Plateau,China——A case study of the Tongwei-Weiyuan-Xiahe transect

作　　者：丛一鸣 高小叶[1] 侯扶江[1] CONG Yi-ming;GAO Xiao-ye;HOU Fu-jiang(State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China)

机构地区：[1]草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,农业农村部草牧业创新重点实验室,兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《草业学报》2020年第9期5-19,共15页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31672472);长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT_17R50);973国家重点基础研究计划课题(2014CB138706);2018年度甘肃省科技重大专项计划项目(18ZD2FA009)资助。

摘　　要：黄土高原-青藏高原过渡带是全球生态环境最脆弱、变化最剧烈、对气候变化响应最敏感的区域之一。能量是维持生态系统结构与功能可持续性的动力,是衡量农业系统生态与生产效益的重要指标。本研究在黄土高原-青藏高原过渡带东西方向上建立通渭(TW)-渭源(WY)-夏河(XH)样带,分析农户生产系统的能量平衡特征及其沿海拔的变化规律和影响因素。结果表明:1)作物生产系统,户均能量投入、能量产出、能量收益、能量效率从黄土高原向青藏高原逐渐减少。农户占比50%时,通渭和渭源的户均能量净收益分别为104.80和44.59 GJ。2)家畜生产系统,渭源的户均能量投入最高,夏河最低;农户占比为50%时,夏河、通渭和渭源的户均能量净收益为分别为160.42、-47.43和-55.25 GJ;能量产出、能量收益和能量效率均随海拔升高而逐渐增加。3)作物-家畜综合系统,能量投入依次为渭源>通渭>夏河,能量产出、能量收益和能量效率依次为夏河>通渭>渭源;农户占比为50%时,户均能量收益阈值夏河、渭源和通渭地区分别为91.54、16.50和76.98 GJ,此时,农户占比对能量变化最敏感,调控农户的能量投入能够最大化收益。4)农户生产系统的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数与能量效率间均呈显著相关(P<0.05);结构方程模型(SEM)显示,海拔是影响作物-家畜生产系统能量效率的关键因素(P<0.05)。研究结果可对青藏高原-黄土高原过渡区农业可持续发展和政策制订提供科学依据。The transitional zone between the Loess Plateau and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(LP-QTP)has become recognized as a region with one of the most sensitive and fragile environments in China from an ecological perspective,with high susceptibility to climate change.Agriculture is important in the region and energy supply is the driving force for sustainable development of farm structure and function in agricultural production systems,and is an important indicator for measuring the ecological and production benefits of agricultural production systems.In this paper,a Tongwei(TW)-Weiyuan(WY)-Xiahe(XH)transect was established in the LP-QTP transitional zone to analyze the energy output of agricultural production systems on the altitude gradient(approx.2000-3000 m above sea level).The results showed that:1)In crop production systems the energy input,energy output,energy income and energy efficiency decreased from the LP to the QTP.When the farmers percentage accounted for 50%(as identified by logistic regression),energy income of farms in TW and WY were 104.80 and 44.59 GJ,respectively.2)In livestock production systems,the energy input per household was the highest in WY and lowest in XH.Energy income of XH,TW and WY were 160.42,-47.43 and-55.25 GJ,respectively.The energy output,energy income and energy efficiency all progressively increased with the altitude.3)In crop-livestock integrated systems energy input ranked WY>TW>XH,while energy output,energy income and energy efficiency ranked XH>TW>WY.The threshold of energy income of XH,TW and WY were 91.54,16.50 and 76.98 GJ,respectively,when the farmers percentage accounted for 50%.The point is most sensitive to energy changes,and regulating energy behavior can maximize the benefits.4)The Shannon-wiener diversity index,Pielou evenness index and energy efficiency of the agricultural production systems were significantly correlated(P<0.05).The structural equation model indicated that altitude was the most significant factor determining energy balance of crop-livestock production

关 键 词：草地 作物 家畜 系统耦合 能量产出 农业多样性 

分 类 号：F32[经济管理—产业经济]