夏季模拟放牧对青藏高原冬春草场牧草品质和土壤养分的影响  

The Effect of Modulating Different Utilizing Intensity in Summer Season on Forage Quality and Soil Nutrients of Winter&Spring Pasture on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

作　　者：姜翠霞 胡长胜 魏海燕 王宪举 丁路明[1,2] JIANG Cui-xia;HU Chang-sheng;WEI Hai-yan;WANG Xian-ju;DING Lu-ming(State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, China;Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine Grassland, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,兰州大学生命科学学院,甘肃兰州730000 [2]青海大学青海省高寒草地适应性管理重点实验室,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《草地学报》2020年第5期1473-1477,共5页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：高寒草地-家畜系统适应性管理技术平台(2020-ZL-T07);青海省重点研发与转化计划项目(2018-SF-145,2017-NK-114);青海省重大科技专项项目(2018-NK-A2);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0502302);青海省重点实验室专项(2013-Z-Y03);国家肉牛牦牛产业体系项目(CARS-37)共同资助。

摘　　要：为探索青藏高原地区草畜高效管理模式,本试验采用刈割模拟家畜采食的方式在夏季牧草生长季(8月初,称作青草期)利用冬春草场,并在牧草生长季末(10月初,称作枯黄期)采集牧草和土壤样品,研究不同利用强度对牧草再生、生物量、品质以及土壤养分的影响。试验结果表明:3种不同利用强度对牧草枯黄期地上生物量、牧草酸性洗涤纤维(Acid detergent fiber,ADF)和中性洗涤纤维(Neutral detergent fiber,NDF)没有产生显著影响;不同草地利用强度处理组枯黄期粗蛋白(Crude protein,CP)含量均显著低于青草期,而ADF和NDF的结果刚好相反(P<0.05);枯黄期重度利用草场牧草CP含量显著高于不利用组(P<0.05),中度利用强度0~10 cm土壤速效磷含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。本试验结果表明,青藏高原在牧草生长季利用冬春草场(留茬2~4 cm),家畜不仅能够摄取优质的青绿牧草,而且不会降低牧草生育期总生物量。The objective of the present study is to explore high efficiency managing strategies of grazing system on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.In this study,grazing was simulated by mowing forage.The grass and soil samples were collected in grass growing season and the end of growing season(beginning of October)to evaluate the regrowth capacity,biomass and quality of forage,and the soil nutrients level.The results showed no significant effects of different utilizing intensity on forage above-ground biomass,neutral detergent fibre(NDF)or acid detergent fibre(ADF)contents.The forage crude protein(CP)was lower in withering period than growing period in all the three treatments(P<0.05).And the NDF and ADF contents were conversed.The forage CP content of high utilizing treatment was higher than control in withering period(P<0.05).The soil available phosphorus in 0~10 layer was higher in middle utilizing intensity than control in withering period(P<0.05).In conclusion,appropriate grazing utilization(2~4 cm stubble)of Winter and Spring pasture in forage growing period supply high quality forage for livestock without decreasing the total forage yield.

关 键 词：青藏高原 冬场夏用 放牧管理 牧草品质 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]